Редакционен
коментар
И.
Симеонов
3-4
I. Човек и биосфера
Екохидроложки мониторинг за
водосбора на река
Марица от изворите до град Белово в среда на ГИС
на базата на спътникови, GPS и наземни данни
С. Кирилова, Р. Недков, С. Модев, К. Радева, Е. Иванова
5-13
Ландшафтно-геохимични изследвания на
последствията от
уранодобива във водосбора на р. Тайна
Л. Филчев, И. Йорданова
14-22
Лидар на диодни лазери за екологичен
мониторинг
С. Пенчев, В. Пенчева, В. Набоко
23-29
Влияние на хронично in
vivo третиране с кобалт (ІІ)
съединения върху някои биохимични параметри при мишки
Й. Глухчева, М. Маджарова, Р. Низамова, В. Атанасов, Ю. Иванова, М. Митева
30-33
II. Микроорганизми и
околна среда
Филогенетично
характеризиране
на микробното разнообразие в два горещи извора от басейна на
Рупите
И. Томова, А. Томова, М. Стоилова-Дишева, Д. Люцканова, М. Камбурова
34-43
Роля на повърхностно-активни
съединения върху биологичната активност на аероби и
факултативни анаероби
А. Сотирова, Н. Фучеджиева, И. Лазаркевич, Т. Аврамова, Д. Гълъбова
44-49
III. Технологии за
пречиствне
Модулиращ ефект
на Fe2+, Zn2+ и Cu2+ върху обезцветяващата способност на
реална активна утайка към амарант
И. Шнайдер, М. Белухова, Я. Топалова
50-57
IV. Космически
биотехнологии и мониторинг
Проектите
„МИР-НАСА” и „МАРС-500”
и участието на България
Т. Иванова, И. Дандолов, И. Илиева, Й. Найденов
58-65
Развитие на
мониторинговата система на космическа оранжерия "СВЕТ"
Й. Найденов
66-71
Екологично
мониторингово изследване в района на полигон Змейово на
базата на спътникови и наземни данни
Р. Недков, Пл.
Христов, И. Иванова, М. Димитрова, М. Захаринова, Г. Желев, Д. Бонева
72-78
ЕКОХИДРОЛОЖКИ МОНИТОРИНГ ЗА
ВОДОСБОРА НА РЕКА МАРИЦА ОТ ИЗВОРИТЕ ДО ГРАД БЕЛОВО В СРЕДА НА
ГИС НА БАЗАТА НА СПЪТНИКОВИ, GPS И НАЗЕМНИ ДАННИ
Силвия Кирилова, Румен Недков, Стефан Модев, Камелия Радева,
Екатерина Иванова
ECOHYDROLOGICAL MONITORING ON
THE RIVER MARITSA BASIN, LIMITED FROM SOURCES TO BELOVO CITY,
USING GIS ON THE BASE OF SATELLITE, GPS AND GROUND DATA
Silvia Kirilova, Roumen Nedkov, Stefan Modev, Kamelia Radeva,
Ekaterina Ivanova
Abstract: Development
of methods for space interpolation of values of hydrological
elements is very important for hydrological researches. Those
methods are based on two approaches generally: outputting of two
or more factoring dependence between orohydrographical
characteristics of watershed catchments and numerical valuations
of hydrological characteristics which are realized on the base
of contemporary geoinformation technologies. Those research and
analyzes was made by modeling in GIS, using satellites, GPS and
ground data. GIS give possibilities quickly and easy to collect
and analyze data in space environment. It supports decision of
some engineering problems of hydrology and minimize influence of
subjective factor into authenticity and precision of the
results.
Key words: ecohydrological
characteristics, GIS, GPS, Digital Elevation Model, Maritsa
river basin
ЛАНДШАФТНО-ГЕОХИМИЧНИ ИЗСЛЕДВАНИЯ
НА ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯТА ОТ УРАНОДОБИВА ВЪВ ВОДОСБОРА НА Р. ТАЙНА
Лъчезар Филчев, Иванка Йорданова
LANDSCAPE-GEOCHEMICAL
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE CONSEQUENCES FROM URANIUM-ORE EXTRACTION
IN TAINA RIVER BASIN
Lachezar Filchev, Ivanka Yordanova
Abstract: In present
paper the methods of geochemistry of landscapes are used to
reveal the changes caused by uranium-ore extraction in
coniferous landscapes in the river basin of Taina River, Novi
Iskar Municipality. Geochemical data for two periods – 1993-1996
and 2010-2011 – have been commented in order to reveal the
changes that take place in the local geochemistry. High values
of the coefficient of concentration (CC) for the heavy metals:
Pb and Cu; and coefficient of dispersion (CD) for the heavy
metals: Ni, Zn, and Mn have been found. From the estimated
values of the coefficient of biological intake (Ах) was
inferred, that the white pine intakes moderately to low Cu and
Zn, whereas the black pine intakes moderately Zn, Mn. The values
of the coefficient of technogenic concentration (Кс) for the two
periods have been estimated. Conclusions regarding the overall
technogeochemical status of the coniferous landscapes for both
periods under investigations have been made.
Key words: geochemistry
of the landscapes, uranium-ore extraction, radionuclide, heavy
metals, metalloids
ЛИДАР НА ДИОДНИ
ЛАЗЕРИ ЗА ЕКОЛОГИЧЕН МОНИТОРИНГ
Стоян Пенчев, Василка Пенчева, Василий Набоко
PULSED LASER DIODES LIDAR FOR
ECOLOGICAL MONITORING
Stoyan Penchev, Vasilka Pencheva, Vasili Naboko
Abstract. Application
of Powerful Pulsed Laser Diodes for atmospheric water vapour
lidar measurement based on differential absorption principle
is reported. The laser source incorporates pulsed
multichipstack laser diodes of 0,9-0,86 mm wavelengths, high
pulse power up to 140W and high repetition rate of 10kHz
(on/off line). While its pulse energy (30mJ) is lower than the
peak energy achievable by some DIAL systems incorporating
Q-modulated parametric amplifiers, the developed dichroic
lidar system is ultimate in compactness, reliability and low
energy consumption. Such systems are favourable for unattended
instruments for continuous water vapour profiling, which can
provide adequate measurements of up to 5% error beyond the
boundary layer of 3km altitude.
Keywords: laser
diodes, differential absorption, molecular spectroscopy,
atmospheric humidity
ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ХРОНИЧНО IN VIVO ТРЕТИРАНЕ С КОБАЛТ(ІІ) СЪЕДИНЕНИЯ
ВЪРХУ НЯКОИ БИОХИМИЧНИ ПАРАМЕТРИ ПРИ МИШКИ
Йорданка Глухчева, Мария Маджарова, Румяна Низамова, Васил
Атанасов, Юлияна Иванова, Мариана Митева
EFFECT OF CHRONIC IN VIVO TREATMENT OF COBALT(ІІ) COMPOUNDS
ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN MICE
Yordanka Gluhcheva, Maria Madzharova, Rumyana Nizamova, Vasil
Atanasov, Juliana Ivanova, Mariana Mitewa
Abstract. Chronic
treatment with cobalt(II) compounds – cobalt chloride (CoCl2)
and cobalt-EDTA (Co-EDTA) increased significantly plasma iron
concentration. Hemoglobin content was significantly elevated in
mature (day 45, day 60 and day 90 mice exposed to CoCl2) while
immature mice showed lower haemoglobin compared to age-matched
controls. Co-EDTA increased haemoglobin only in day 90 mice.
Lower haemoglobin content corresponded to higher plasma iron
concentration. Plasma cobalt concentration was also increased.
Results showed that immature day 18 mice were more sensitive to
treatment compared to mature animals showing signs of anemia.
Key words: cobalt
compounds, mice, hemoglobin, plasma iron and cobalt
concentration
ФИЛОГЕНЕТИЧНО ХАРАКТЕРИЗИРАНЕ НА
МИКРОБНОТО РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ В ДВА ГОРЕЩИ ИЗВОРА ОТ БАСЕЙНА НА РУПИТЕ
Ива Томова, Анна Томова, Маргарита Стоилова-Дишева, Димитрина
Люцканова, Маргарита Камбурова
PHYLOGENETIC CHARACTERISATION OF
MICROBIAL DIVERSITY IN TWO HOT SPRINGS FROM THE BASIN OF RUPITE
Iva Tomova, Anna Tomova, Margarita Stoilova-Disheva, Dimitrina
Liutskanova, Margarita Kambourova.
Abstract. Culture-independent
methods allow identifying not only the cultivable microorganisms
(which are up to 5%) but all microorganisms represented in nature.
Two hot springs from the basin of Rupite showed remarkable
bacterial diversity. Fourteen of total 29 officially acknowledged
bacterial phyla and three Candidate Divisions were represented in
them. Two archaeal types of total five ones were also
identified. Along with already known sequences, we found also new
ones, including new archaeal group called RAG (Rupi Archeoglobales
Group). About 25-30% of the sequences were new. Among the
cultivable microorganisms, a new bacterial species, Anoxybacillus
rupiensis, was isolated.
Key words: hot springs,
biodiversity, phylogenetic analysis, thermophilic bacteria,
thermophilic archaea.
РОЛЯ НА ПОВЪРХНОСТНО-АКТИВНИ
СЪЕДИНЕНИЯ ВЪРХУ БИОЛОГИЧНАТА АКТИВНОСТ НА АЕРОБИ И
ФАКУЛТАТИВНИ АНАЕРОБИ
Анна Сотирова, Надежда Фучеджиева, Ирина Лазаркевич, Татяна
Аврамова, Данка Гълъбова
EFFECT OF SURFACE ACTIVE
COMPOUNDS ON BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF AEROBES AND FACULTATIVE
ANAEROBES
Anna Sotirova, Nadejda Fuchedjieva, Irina Lazarkevich,, Tatyana
Avramova, Danka Galabova
Abstract. The effect of
surface active compounds on aerobes and facultative anaerobes,
members of microbial consortium isolated from reactor for
methane fermentation was studied. The tested surfactants
(rhamnolipid biosurfactant and Triton X-100) have a specific
influence on growth, permeability and hydrophobicity of aerobic
and anaerobic isolates. The high concentrations of biosurfactant
inhibited the growth of all isolates, but increased the cell
permeability and have not a bactericidal effect. Based on the
results of this work it appears that high concentrations
of biosurfactant rhamnolipid must be applied carefully in
intensification of the complicated process of anaerobic
digestion
Keywords: anaerobic
digestion, surfactants, permeability, hydrophobicity
МОДУЛИРАЩ ЕФЕКТ НА Fe2+, Zn2+ И
Cu2+ ВЪРХУ ОБЕЗЦВЕТЯВАЩАТА СПОСОБНОСТ НА РЕАЛНА АКТИВНА УТАЙКА
КЪМ АМАРАНТ
Ирина Шнайдер, Михаела Белухова, Яна Топалова
MODULATION EFFECT OF Fe2+, Zn2+
AND Cu2+ ON AMARANTH DECOLORIZATION ACTIVITY OF AN ACTIVATED
SLUDGE
Irina Schneider, Mihaela Beluhova, Yana Topalova
Abstract. The
modulation effect of iron (0.18 mM), zinc (0.31 mMl) and copper
(0.03 mM) was investigated in a model batch process for amaranth
biodegradation. An activated sludge from the Municipal
Wastewater Treatment Plant of Samokov was used for model
biological system.
The specific rate of decolorization and anaerobic azoreductase
activity were used as enzymatic indicators in this study. The
group of microorganisms divided on the physiological differences
as aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophs, anaerobic azodegraders
and anaerobic azoresistants were followed as well as some
taxonomic groups of the genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and
Aeromonas.
The obtained results showed that the three heavy metal ions have
not significant effect on decolorization efficiency which varied
between 96% and 97% for all investigated variants. The
modulation effect of ferro ions leaded to microbial resistance
development at the end of the process. The zinc and copper
modulation effects were related to induction of amaranth
biotransformation potential. The obtained effect of investigated
heavy metal was important for regulation of biodegradation
processes in a polysubstrate system. The substrate mixture
contained easy biodegradable organic matter (peptone and yeast
extract) and some compounds with industrial origin as azo dye
amaranth and heavy metals. The model described corresponded to
the real conditions in wastewater treatment practice applied for
simultaneously treated of municipal and industrial
wastewaters.
Key words: azodye,
activated sludge, heavy metals, anoxic process
ПРОЕКТИТЕ „МИР-НАСА” И „МАРС-500”
И УЧАСТИЕТО НА БЪЛГАРИЯ
Таня Иванова, Иван Дандолов, Илияна Илиева, Йордан Найденов
“MIR-NASA” AND “MARS500”
PROJECTS AND THE BULGARIAN PARTICIPATION
Tania Ivanova, Ivan Dandolov, Iliana Ilieva, Yordan Naydenov
Abstarct. The
"MIR-NASA" project was a NASA funded BulgarianUSRussian
cooperation (1993-97). In the frame of the project a second
generation of the Bulgarian SVET Space Greenhouse (SG) was
launched onboard MIR OS with main objective - to obtain
full life cycle of plant development “from-seed-to-seed“. It was
shown that microgravity does not affect normal growth,
development and reproduction of plants and that plants can be
used successfully in the future Biological Life Support Systems
for long term manned space missions. The "Mars-500" project is
520 days imitation of flight to Mars with a crew of 6
“cosmonauts” in the experimental complex of the Institute of
Biomedical Problems, Moscow. The purpose of the experiment is
the study of interaction "man - environment" and to solve
problems concerning medical and biological protection of the
life of astronauts, as well as the operation of a large
greenhouse of 3 m2. Bulgarian scientists developed Light Modules
on LEDs for the greenhouse and conducted research to define
their optimal parameters in the frame of the "Greenhouse-Mars"
Russian-Bulgarian project.
Keywords: SVET Space
Greenhouse, Mars-500 project, MIR-NASA project, LED
РАЗВИТИЕ НА МОНИТОРИНГОВАТА
СИСТЕМА НА КОСМИЧЕСКА ОРАНЖЕРИЯ "СВЕТ"
Йордан Найденов
“SVET” SPACE GREENHOUSE
MONITORING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Yordan Naydenov
Abstract: The SVET
Space Greenhouse (SG) is an embedded microprocessor system
that is capable of fully automated and autonomous plant growth
environment monitoring and control in microgravity conditions.
It successfully operated onboard MIR Orbital Station in the
period 1990-2000. The very first implementation of the system
monitored mainly the temperature fluctuations of the
cultivation environment while provided precise substrate
moisture control, which is crucial to the proper plant growth
and development. In the 1996/1997 onboard experiments, SVET-2
SG incorporated the NASA's gas-analyzing system GEMS, which
provided acquisition of many new valuable data concerning the
gravitational biology of plants. Recently, the SVET SG was
equipped with its own plant shoot environment monitoring
subsystem. This is part of the research effort to implement
adaptive control of the cultivation process, which takes care
of the plant physiological status, taxonomic specificity, and
the phases of ontogenesis. It will promote effective plant
growth in the future biological life-support systems of the
long-termed manned space missions.
Keywords: SVET space
greenhouse, monitoring system, sensors, data acquisition
ЕКОЛОГИЧНО МОНИТОРИНГОВО
ИЗСЛЕДВАНЕ В РАЙОНА НА ПОЛИГОН ЗМЕЙОВО НА БАЗАТА НА
СПЪТНИКОВИ И НАЗЕМНИ ДАННИ
Р. Недков, Пл. Христов, И. Иванова, М. Димитрова, М.
Захаринова, Г. Желев, Д. Бонева
WEB-BASED ECOLOGICAL
MONITORING STUDY IN THE REGION OF A POLYGON ZMEYOVO, USING
SATELLITE AND GROUND DATA
R. Nedkov, P. Hristov. I. Ivanova, M. Dimitrova, M.
Zaharinova, G. Jelev, D. Boneva
Abstract: In this
paper we describe the methodology and results of a web-based
environmental monitoring study of air pollution in the region
of a polygon Zmeyovo Stara Zagora municipality. Monitoring
is conducted by early 2010. The results are published daily in
specialized web-page. The analyses of the results don’t show
atmospheric pollution in the region from polygon Zmeyovo.
Key words: web-monitoring,
satellite images, ecological monitoring, air pollutions.