Редакционна статия
Двуликият
Янус на
цивилизацията и нашето общо бъдеще
Б. Байков, Р. Берберова 3
I. Агроекология
Структура и некротична оценка (Ins)
на гори с едификатор FAGUS SYLVATICA
L. В България
Хр. Цаков, А.
Цицак
7
Хр. Цаков
13
Състояние на мониторинга на почвите в
България
Б. Захаринов, Н.
Колев
18
Е.
Златарева, С. Маринова, С. Стратиева
27
Влияние на молибдена при различно торене на
ечемик и остатъчни количества минерален азот в почвата
Е. Тошева, М.
Стоичкова
33
Радиоактивност в българските почви
И. Йорданова, Д.
Станева, Л.
Мишева, Ц.
Бинева, Л. Дурева
41
Е. Тошева, П.
Александрова
47
Ц. Бинева, Д. Станева,
И. Йорданова,
Л. Мишева, А. Златев
53
T. Пoпoвa, О.
Люцканова
57
II. Биогорива
Н. Капилан, Б.
Байков
61
Н. Капилан, Б. Байков, Р. Реди
66
О. Люцканова
74
Екологична оценка на български модулни
инсталации за производство на биодизел
Р.
Гюров, П. Николов, С. Петрова
78
III. Екологизация
Континентални движения предизвикани от силни
земетресения
Б. Рангелов
86
Българското участие в проекта СХЕМА на Европейския
съюз
Г.
Мардиросян,
Б.
Рангелов, Ю. Крумова
92
IV.
Рекреационна екология и ресурси
Гeоложки феномени в Родопите – потенциал за
развитие на геоложки туризъм
Б. Костова, Р.
Берберова
99
Изследване на природните ресурси в източни
Родопи по проект “Хетеротопия и природни ресурси”
Р.
Берберова, Р. Гюров, Ат. Близнаков
107
СТРУКТУРА И НЕКРОТИЧНА ОЦЕНКА (Ins) НА ГОРИ С ЕДИФИКАТОР FAGUS SYLVATICA L. В БЪЛГАРИЯ
Хр. Цаков, А. Цицак
STRUCTURE AND NECROTIC
EVALUATION (Ins) OF FORESTS WITH EDIFICATOR FAGUS
SYLVATICA
L. IN
Abstract: Beech forests cover
almost 17% from the forest fund in
ОПТИМИЗИРАНЕ
БРОЯ НА ДЪРВЕТАТА В ЧЕРНОБОРОВИТЕ КУЛТУРИ ЧРЕЗ ИЗПОЛЗВАНЕ
НА КОЕФИЦИЕНТА ЗА ОПТИМАЛНА ПЪЛНОТА (Коd)
НА ДЪРВОСТОЯ
Хр.
Цаков
OPTIMISATION OF NUMBER
OF TREES IN AUSTRIAN BLACK PINE
PLANTATIONS THROUGH APPLICATION
OF OPTIMAL DENSITY COEFFICIENT (Коd)
OF TREE STAND
Abstract: Spatial structure
of tree stand is expression of the configuration of trees, their number
(density) and real capability of the site. For determination of optimal
number
of trees in Austrian black pine plantations, the coefficient of optimal
density
(Коd)
has been used, which expresses the ratio of average height (Hav)
and average space between trees (Lav).
It was established
that this coefficient decreases with growing of age from 0,194 to
0,155, and by
changing of density it varies from 0,190 to 0,170. The calculated
optimal
number of trees is close to the real one from the growth model of
Austrian
black pine plantations. Up to the 40-th year of age differences vary
from total
coincidence to -3,6%. This trend remains also in pre-mature stands.
СЪСТОЯНИЕ НА МОНИТОРИНГА НА ПОЧВИТЕ В
БЪЛГАРИЯ
Б. Захаринов,
Н. Колев
A STATE OF
B. Zaharinov, N.
Коlev
Abstract.
The Executive environmental agency
of the Ministry of Environment and Water is the main organizer of the soil monitoring system as an element of the national
automatic system for ecology monitoring of Bulgaria. Up to now working teams of the
Institute of Soil Science “Nikola Poushkarov” and of the Executive
environmental agency
continue processing of soil data collectin from many "hot points" in the country for
establishment of the disturbances of the soils (technogenic
alkalization of
acid soils, soil heavy metal and metaloid contamination and others) recorded in the national monitoring system. Soil and
terrain database, land degradation status and
soil vulnerability assessment are the results of the work of the soil
experts in the national monitoring network,
based on a common European methodology and GIS technology.
Zlatareva, Sv.
Marinova, St. Stratieva
Abstract: By
the grow of the industry they are many industrial wastes as a result by
the
mining industry, energetic industry, metallurgy, chemistry and others.
This substantially
increases the pollutions of the environment and most of the soil. In
the “Maritza East” 2 Ltd. By the scrubbing process
they are produced about 600,000 tons per year industrial gypsum, which
is
deposited on fertile agricultural land. Environmentally, the management of the
wastes, their safe recovery is a
priority in the environmental policy of the country.
Е. Тошева, М. Стоичкова
INFLUENCE OF
MOLYBDENUM AT DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION OF BARLEY AND REST QUANTITIES OF
MINERAL
NITROGEN IN SOIL
Радиоактивност в българските почви
И.
Йорданова,
Д. Станева, Л. Мишева, Ц.
Бинева, Л. Дурева
RADIOACTIVITY
IN BULGARIAN SOILS
I.
Yordanova,
D.
Staneva, L. Misheva,
Ts.
Bineva, L.
Dureva
ВЛИЯНИЕ
НА МЕТЕОРОЛОГИЧНИТЕ УСЛОВИЯ И ТОРЕНЕТО ВЪРХУ ДОБИВА ОТ ЦАРЕВИЦА,
ОТГЛЕЖДАНА НА ТЪМНОСИВА ГОРСКА ПОЧВА
Е. Тошева, П.
Александрова
EFFECT
OF THE METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND FERTILIZATION ON THE YIELD OF
MAIZE GROWN
ON DARK-GREY
E. Tosheva, P. Alexandrova
ПРОУЧВАНИЯ
ВЪРХУ МОДИФИЦИРАЩИЯ ЕФЕКТ НА МАНГАНОВ СУЛФАТ ПРИ ОСТРО ГАМА-ОБЛЪЧВАНЕ
НА
РАЗЛИЧНИ СОРТОВЕ ОВЕС
Ц. Бинева, Д. Станева, И. Йорданова,
Л. Мишева, А. Златев
Abstract. Vegetation pot experiments were
carried out under
controlled conditions with three oats varieties widespread in the
country.
Plants were irradiated with gamma-rays of cesium-137 with a doze of 5Gy
at stem
extension phase, when radiosensitivity of cereal crops is the highest.
On the
day following the irradiation the plants were sprayed with
radio-modifier -
manganese sulfate for the purpose of reducing the irradiation damage. The degree of the irradiation
damage and
protection was recorded at the end of the vegetation period following
some
productivity indexes. The efficiency index
of the applied modifier was also
determined.
Key words: oats, gamma-
irradiation, radiosensitivy, radioprotectors, productivity
ДЕКОНТАМИНАЦИЯ
НА ПТИЧА
ТОРОВА ПОСТЕЛЯ ЧРЕЗ ПАСТЬОРИЗАЦИЯ ПРИ НЕПРЕКЪСНАТ МЕЗОФИЛЕН ПРОЦЕС НА
АНАЕРОБНО
РАЗГРАЖДАНЕ
Abstract: The
role of pasteurization for decontamination of poultry litter from
broilers in
bioreactor with continuous mesophilic regime of anaerobic digestion was
studied. The changes of the quantities of a test strains of Esherichia
coli, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and
Staphylococcus
aureus,
resistant to antibiotics
from the groups of the amphenicols
and the
tetracyclines
were followed. The strains were introduced
in quantities by 105
CFU/mL
of the content of the bioreactor. When the
pasteurization was done
at 70оС for
1 h
at the entrance as well
as at the exit of the bioreactor the test bacteria were not found out
in the
last bioshlame. If the
pasteurization
of the poultry litter at 70оС for 1 h
was done only at the entrance of the bioreactor high
degree of decontamination was achieved, but S. aureus
was revealed up to 48-th
h if only in very little quantities.
Key words:
anaerobic digestion, mesophilic regime, poultry litter, pasteurization,
test
bacteria
ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛНО
ИЗСЛЕДВАНЕ НА ТРАНСЕСТЕРИФИКАЦИЯТА НА МАСЛО
ОТ MAHUA ПРИ
ИЗПОЛЗВАНЕТО НА МИКРОВЪЛНОВА
РАДИАЦИЯ
Н. Капилан,
Б. Байков
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TRANSESTERIFICATION
OF MAHUA OIL USING MICROWAVE IRRADIATION
N. Kapilan, B. Baykov
Keywords: Alternative fuel, mahua oil, transesterification, microwave, properties.
НАМАЛЯВАНЕ НА ЕМИСИИТЕ НА ВРЕДНИ ГАЗОВЕ ОТ ДВИГАТЕЛИ С ВЪТРЕШНО ГОРЕНЕ ИЗПОЛВАЩИ ЗА ГОРИВО МАСЛО ОТ MAHUAН.
Капилан, Б. Байков, Р. Реди
REDUCTION OF EMISSIONS OF MAHUA OIL
OPERATED
COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE
Abstract.
The search for
suitable
alternative fuels that are environment friendly has led to the choice of Mahua Oil
(MO) as one of the main alternative fuels to diesel oil in
СРАВНИТЕЛНИ
ИЗСЛЕДВАНИЯ
ВЪРХУ СУБСТРАТИ ЗА АНАЕРОБНО РАЗГРАЖДАНЕ С ОГЛЕД РЕГУЛИРАНЕ
СЪДЪРЖАНИЕТО НА
НИТРАТИ В БИОШЛАМА
COMPARATIVE
STUDIES ON
SUBSTRATES FOR ANAEROBIC DIGESTION IN VIEW OF REGULATING THE NITRATE
CONTENT IN
THE DIGESTATE
O. Lutskanova
Abstract.
The
recovery of the
balance of all
nutrients and of the compromised mineral equilibrium in the agrocenosis
is
possible due
to
the fertilization process. The industrial production of
mineral fertilizers is an energy-consuming process, which leads to
substantial unrecoverable
losses
of energy. According to the EU requirements for decreasing the scale of
soil
and surface water pollution with nitric compounds (the nitrate
directive),
the purpose of the current investigations is to find
possibilities
for combining substrates in order to produce biogas and digestate
with relatively low nitric oxide levels. This will comply with the conditions
for sustainable agriculture by preserving soil, water, plant and animal
genetic
resources and will help protect the environment, being at the same time
technologically accomplishable, economically justified and socially
tolerant.
Key
words: anaerobic
digestion, substrate, digestate, nitrates
ЕКОЛОГИЧНА
ОЦЕНКА НА БЪЛГАРСКИ МОДУЛНИ ИНСТАЛАЦИИ ЗА ПРОИЗВОДСТВО НА БИОДИЗЕЛ
Р.
Гюров, П. Николов, Ст. Петрова
ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT OF BULGARIAN MODULAR PLANTS PRODUCING BIODIESEL
Abstract: Studies have been conducted to assess the
possibilities of combining large refineries for biodiesel plants with
modular
installations, purpose of which is to utilize relatively small amounts
of
materials which are derived from typical extensive production of energy
crops
for some parts of the country or processed waste oil from food
industry. After
a comparative analysis of available systems in the country to
established that
they are designed for stationary conditions and large amounts of raw
materials. We have attempted to make an environmental
assessment and technical feasibility of the developed mobile
installation by
"Kondakov Energy Ltd.
Континентални
движения предизвикани от силни земетресения
Б.
Рангелов
Continental movements due to
strong earthquakes
Abstract: The last strong earthquakes
occurred during the last
few years (in general – Sumatra Mw9.0-2004 and ChileMw8.8-2010)
produced large
displacements measured by GPS. Due to the classic geodynamics the
continental
plates are considered as rigid bodies floating over the mantle
substrate. Both
strong events produced displacements with different amplitudes observed
at
different distances of the main ruptures produced by the earthquakes.
The
Българското участие в проекта СХЕМА на
ЕвропейскИЯ СЪЮЗ
Г. Мардиросян, Б.
Рангелов, Ю. Крумова
The
Bulgarian Participation in the EU SCHEMA Project
ГEОЛОЖКИ ФЕНОМЕНИ В РОДОПИТЕ
– ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ЗА РАЗВИТИЕ НА ГЕОЛОЖКИ ТУРИЗЪМ
Б.
Костова, Р.
Берберова
RHODOPE GEOLOGICAL PHENOMENA
– GEOLOGICAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL
B. Kostova, R. Berberova
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present some of the research results on
the project "Heterotopy
and natural resources. Main
researches were implemented in the region of
Key words:
Еastern Rhodope, natural
resourses,
project “Heterotopy and Natural Resourses”