EEEP 3-4/2005
Б. Байков, Б. Захаринов
4
Биопроцесните
системи с фиксиран филм основа за развитие на екологично съобразни
технологии
Л.
Николов, В. Маматаркова
16
Предизвикателствата
на водопречиствателните технологии на 21 век
Я. Топалова 32
Критерии
за оценяване
химичната нееднородност
на биосферата
К.
Кирилов, Б. Байков, М. Гугова, И. Попова, А.
Близнакова, Б. Захаринов, С. Коцева
41
Размерно-възрастова
структура на
улова от черна мряна (Barbus petenyi) в река
Искър (България)
Д.
Роздина, Г. Райкова - Петрова 50
Г. Марков, М. Господинова 55
Ензимологични
параметри в седименти от горното течение на река Искър
Й. Тодорова и Я.
Топалова 60
Приложение
на Ardreа за ранно
откриване
на ефекта от нефтено замърсяване в крайбрежни морски екосистеми.
Резултати от изследвания
върху лабораторен модел тип “Микрокосмос”
Н.
Тодорова, И. Иванов, А. Христов, В. Карамфилов
69
Изменения
във водното качество на
река Искър в резултат от наводненията през 2005 г.
Д. Първанов, Я. Топалова , Й. Тодорова,
Л. Кендеров
76
Изолиране
на арсен
резистентни и арсен трансформиращи сулфат-редуциращи бактерии
К. Крумова, В. Грудева
84
Прокариотни
тестове за оценка на токсичност на метали в почви и води
В. Грудева, А. Стоянова, И. Иванова
95
IV. Технологии за
пречистване
Биосорбция
на тежки
метали от отпаден мицел на Aspergillus Niger B77
К. Цекова, Д. Тодорова, М. Янис, С.
Ганева
104
Н. Фучеджиева, Т. Аврамова, Д. Гълъбова
109
Българския
опит за
промишлено получаване на биогаз от животински отпадъци
V. Екологично
и устойчиво земеделие
Основни екологични
принципи
при производство на биологична продукция от животновъдството
С. Коцева
119
VI.
Национални и международни научни форуми
Национална
конференция с
младежка школа “Екологично инженерство и опазване на околната
среда”
Л.
Николов 132
ЕКОЛОГИЧНА
ОЦЕНКА НА ТЕХНОЛОГИИТЕ ЗА ОПОЛЗОТВОРЯВАНЕ НA ОРГАНИЧНИ
БИТОВИ ОТПАДЪЦИ
Байко Байков, Ботьо Захаринов
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR UTILIZATION OF DOMESTIC ORGANIC WASTES
Bayko Baykov, Botyo Zaharinov
An analysis on the problem of biodegradable organic
wastes has been
carried out in terms of ecosystem protection. Some modern methods for
biodegradable wastes utilization have been analyzed. Composting is
relatively
cheap and ecological technology but it needs a long period of time and
considerable areas. The BTA-process
technology gives the possibility to obtain energy – gas fuel (biogas);
and a
product used for increasing soil fertility – compost (bioslime), which
contains
all the necessary for plants macro and microelements. This technology
is
relatively expensive and needs a long period of time. The OXALOR
technology is
the only technology in which 98% of organics are stabilized into a long
lasting
product and treatment time is only 2.5 hours.
Key
Words: composting, BTA-process, organic wastes
BIOPROCESS
SYSTEMS WITH FIXED FILM - THE BASE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL
FRENDLY
TEHNOLOGIES
Abstract: The key role of the bioprocess systems with fixed film
(BPSFF) in
development of ecological friendly biotechnology is justified. The effectiveness of implementation of the
system approach as leading methodology in the bioprocess engineering of
BPSFF
is illustrated with examples in research and development activity for
wastewater treatment processes, bacterial oxidation of ferrous ions and
potable
water denitrification. The importance of the system approach as a basis
for
creation and development of mathematical models is discussed. Special
attention
is paid to the laboratory experimental set ups as functioning physical
live
models of industrial BPSFF and as sources of information about
mathematical
model adequacy. As results of the
implementation of this approach, four principally new laboratory scale
BPSFF
are developed. Using mathematical models and living laboratory models
reliable
data for scale up of these BPSFF are obtained. They ensure the scale up
of
three of them and their testing under industrial conditions in open.
Keywords: bioprocess systems, biofilm
reactor, bacterial oxidation,
denitrification, decarbonization
ПРЕДИЗВИКАТЕЛСТВАТА
НА ВОДОПРЕЧИСТВАТЕЛНИТЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ НА 21 ВЕК
THE
CHALLENGES IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES OF THE 21 CENTURY
Abstract: The
challenges in
wastewater treatment technologies of the 21 century are discussed in
this
paper. The technologies are considered as high technologies as well as
technologies
with high ecological integrity. The important accent is put on the
control,
simultaneously elimination of C, N, P, incorporation of governed
detoxication
element in the trivial technologies or development of intensive
detoxication
modules or algorithms, total process of biocontrol in ecoton of the
water
receivers, replacement of aerobic technologies by more effective –
anaerobic. Other
discussed challenges are: energy efficiency, transfer from large
extensive to
small local intensive equipment, direct mutual connection between
technology,
customers, water price as natural and technological resource.
Key words:
wastewater treatment technologies, high ecological integrity, anaerobic
and aerobic
technologies
КРИТЕРИИ
ЗА ОЦЕНЯВАНЕ ХИМИЧНАТА НЕЕДНОРОДНОСТ НА БИОСФЕРАТА
Кирил Киров, Байко
Байков, Милена Гугова, Ирина Попова, Атанас Близнаков, Ботьо Захаринов,
Силвия
Коцева
CRITERA FOR
ASSESSING CHEMICAL HETEROGENEITY OF BIOSPHERE
Kiril Kirov, Bayko
Baykov, Milena
Gugova, Irina
Popova, Atanas
Bliznakov, Botyo Zaharinov, Silvia Kotzeva
Abstract. In
the end of the 19th century
Klarck proves that lithosphere in chemically heterogeneous. In 1934
Fersman
proposes a quantitative criterion for assessing this heterogeneity –
the Klarck
(K) unit. In the 20th
century Vernadsky
determines the chemical heterogeneity in the biotic components of
biosphere.
Research is mainly carried out about determining the concentration or
dispersion of chemical elements in autotrophs, due to the fact that
they
compose 90% of living matter. In this research we set our aim to
propose new
criterions for the assessment of chemical heterogeneity of biosphere by
making
a complex evaluation of the characteristics of movement of matter.
Key words: chemical
heterogeneity, lead, cadmium, biosphere
РАЗМЕРНО-ВЪЗРАСТОВА
СТРУКТУРА НА УЛОВА ОТ ЧЕРНА МРЯНА (Barbus petenyi)
В РЕКА ИСКЪР (БЪЛГАРИЯ)
SIZE
AND AGE STRUCTURE OF BALCAN BARBELL (Barbus petenyi) CATCHMENTS IN ISKAR RIVER
Abstract: After
strong
anthropologic pollution in the middle of the last century, ichthyofauna
in
Keywords: Barbus
petenyi, age, size,
биоиндикаторна епигенетична характеристика
на зоомонитора жълтогърла горска мишка (Apodemus
flavicollis) в паркови
територии на град София
Георги
Марков, Милена Господинова
bioindicator epigenetic characteristic of
the
zoomonitor Yellow-necked wood mouse (Apodemus
flavicollis) in park territories in Sofia
Georgi
Markov, Milena Gospodinova
Abstract: Frequency
distribution of phenotype realization
of discrete alternative craniological traits – markers of genotype
structure of
wood mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) in
populations inhabiting two park territories of Sofia under different
human
impact was determined.The obtained characteristics of epigenetic
polymorphism
of studied craniological morphogenetic markers reveals the possibility
to be
applied as information parameter in biomonitoring of urbanized
environment
condition through the zoomonitor A.
flavicollis in the park territories of Sofia.
Key
words: Yellow-necked
wood mouse, Apodemus flavicollis,
non-metrical characteristics, zoomonitor, urban territories.
Ензимологични
параметри в
седименти от горното течение на река Искър
Йована Тодорова,
Яна Топалова
ENZYMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF SEDIMENTS IN
UPPER PART OF ISKAR RIVER
Yovana
Todorova, Yana
Topalova
Abstract. The
enzyme activities with indicatory role for functioning of microbial
communities and rate of transformation processes have been investigated
in
sediments of upper part of
Keywords: enzyme
activities, sediments,
self-purification,
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ НА
ANDREA ЗА РАННО
ОТКРИВАНЕ НА ЕФЕКТА ОТ НЕФТЕНО ЗАМЪРСЯВАНЕ В КРАЙБРЕЖНИ
МОРСКИ ЕКОСИСТЕМИ. РЕЗУЛТАТИ ОТ
ИЗСЛЕДВАНИЯ ВЪРХУ ЛАБОРАТОРЕН
МОДЕЛ ТИП “МИКРОКОСМОС”
Надежда Тодорова, Иван
Иванов, Александър
Христов, Венцислав Карамфилов
APPLICATION
OF ARDREA ANALYSIS FOR EARLY WARNING OF THE EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION IN
COASTAL
MARINE ECOSYSTEMS. RESEARCH
INTO LABORATORY “MICROCOSM” MODEL
Nadezhda
Todorova, Ivan Ivanov, Alexandar Hristov,
Venzislav Karamfilov
Abstract. The present research is
based on the
advantages of ARDREA (Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Enzyme
Analysis) - a
high informative and easy applicable molecular fingerprint technique,
which
helps finding microorganism shift as one of the first changes in the
whole
ecosystem. Methods for isolating high quality and quantity of
functional DNA
from natural matrices have been approved and necessary set of 16S rDNA
targeting primers and restriction endonucleases has been tested. Preliminary results,
obtained from
laboratory microcosm model show clear difference between 16S ARDREA
profile
patterns in pristine and oil-polluted sediment, most probably due to
different
microbial communities. Developed 16S rDNA-based ARDREA test-system,
will be
applied on natural ecosystems in order to approve it`s reliance.
Key words: ARDREA, 16S rDNA
fingerprint, marine sand
microcosm system, oil pollution
WATER
QUALITY ALTERATIONS IN RIVER ISKAR
Dimitar
Parvanov, Yana Topalova, Yovana Todorova, Lubomir
Kenderov
Abstract:
The
following paper is a part of the complex study and intends to provide
the
background for explaining spatial values characteristics of chemical
parameters
and microbial communities in the
Key words:
Water
quality, flood
events,
hyporheic water, river sediments , chemical and
microbiological indicators.
ИЗОЛИРАНЕ
НА АРСЕНРЕЗИСТЕНТНИ И АРСЕНТРАНСФОРМИРАЩИ
СУЛФАТРЕДУЦИРАЩИ БАКТЕРИИ
ISOLATION
OF ARSENICRESISTANT AND ARSENICTRANSFORMING
SULFATEREDUCING BACTERIA
Abstract: Twenty eight bacterial
strains, which
are able to transform arsenic compounds, were isolated and
characterized in
the laboratory of ”Geomicrobiology” at the
Department of “General and
Industrial Microbiology”, SU “St. Kliment Ohridski”. It
was determined, that 11
of these isolates are able to efficiently oxidize the high mobile
and high toxic arsenite
[As (III)] to less mobile and less toxic arsenate [As (V)]. The others
17
strains are able to reduce arsenate [As (V)] to arsenite [As (III)]. Оn the basis of the
determination via classical
methods, the isolated bacteria were related to different genera within
the big
group of sulfate-reducing bacteria.
Key words: Sulfate-reducing bacteria,
arsenite oxidizing and arsenate reducing bacteria;
ПРОКАРИОТНИ ТЕСТОВЕ ЗА ОЦЕНКА НА ТОКСИЧНОСТ НА МЕТАЛИ В ПОЧВИ И ВОДИ
Procariotic tests for
assessment of metal toxicity in soil and water
Abstract. Prokaryotic
tests are usually used for toxicity assessment of new synthesized
chemicals and
environmental samples. Their broad application is because of their
rapidity,
simple equipment and high sensitivity. Two prokaryotic tests for growth
inhibition of Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas putida
[ISO 10712]
were used for toxicity assessment of soil and waters, polluted with
heavy
metals. Bacillus cereus test have shown better sensitivity and
short
timing and was considered as more suitable for fast toxicity assessment
of metal
polluted soil and water in industry.
Keywords: growth
inhibition, toxicity, Bacillus cereus,
Pseudomonas putida, prokaryotic test, metal pollution
БИОСОРБЦИЯ
НА ТЕЖКИ
МЕТАЛИ ОТ ОТПАДEН МИЦЕЛ НА ASPERGILLUS
Колишка Цекова,
Десислава Тодорова, Мария Янис, Соня Ганева
HEAVY
METAL BIOSORPTION BY WASTE MYCEL OF ASPERGILLUS NIGER B77
Kolishka
Tsekova, Dessislava Todorova, Maria Ianis, Sonia Ganeva
Abstract: This
study assesses
the ability of mycelial by product of glucoamylase producing Aspergillus
Key words:
sorption, heavy
metals, waste biomass, Aspergillus
ИЗОЛИРАНЕ
И ОХАРАКТЕРИЗИРАНЕ НА МИКРООРГАНИЗМИ, УСВОЯВАЩИ ПОЛИЦИКЛИЧЕН
ВЪГЛЕВОДОРОД ФЕНАНТРЕН В АЕРОБНИ И АНАЕРОБНИ УСЛОВИЯ
Надежда Фучеджиева, Татяна
Аврамова, Данка
Гълъбова
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROORGANISMS,
DEGRADING POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS AT AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC
CONDITIONS
Nadezhda
Fuchedzhieva,
Tatiana Avramova, Danka Galabova
Abstract: In this study
we examine the potential of a natural microbial consortium for
degradation of
high toxic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The microbial consortium was isolated from
the municipal waste treatment station ‘Kubratovo’. The three-ringed
phenanthrene was used as a model aromatic hydrocarbon. The study was
performed
according to the next lines: estimation of the possibilities for
efficient
degradation of phenanthrene at aerobic and anaerobic conditions; role
of an
external factor- presence of oxygen- on the structure of the microbial
consortium, utilizing phenanthrene and study on the degradation rates
at aerobic
and anaerobic conditions of selected microbial isolates.
Key words: polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons, aerobic and anaerobic degradation, microbial
consortium
BULGARIAN EXPERIENCE FOR
INDUSTRIAL BIOGAZ PRODUCTION FROM CATLES WASTES
Asen Mirkov
Abstract. Environment
protection from pollution with organic wastes and renewable energy
sources are
among the priorities of the biotechnological sciences.
Paper deals with the Bulgarian experience in the
field of
industrial biogaz production from catles wastes. An analysis of the
main
problems during their design, realization and operation (mainly of the
Podgumer
industrial biogas plant) is presented. The accumulated scientific and
practical
experience is analysed as a basis for future development of the biogas
technologies in
ОСНОВНИ ЕКОЛОГИЧНИ ПРИНЦИПИ ПРИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВО НА
БИОЛОГИЧНА ПРОДУКЦИЯ ОТ ЖИВОТНОВЪДСТВОТО
BASIC ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES ON BIOLOGICAL
PRODUCTION FROM
STOCK-FARMING
Abstract :Basic
ecological principles on biological production from stock-farming”
Basic
ecological principals, applied in biological production from
stock-farming: “
Regarding production of biological produce from agricultural animals
here are
three basic requirements: the
production of nourishing and healthful animal source
productions; humane attitude to animals; protection of the environment.
Key Words: ecological
principles,
biological production,
extensive production, humane
attitude, protection, priority, humanely