EEEP  4/2004

СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ

Редакционен коментар

И. Симеонов                             3

I. Човек и биосфера

Влияние на използването на старите автомобили върху качеството на въздуха

С. Каменова, Ж. Бекярова        5

Възобновяеми източници на енергия и околна среда

А. Тошев, Й. Петков, Д. Апостолов                                                               13

II. Микроорганизми и околна среда

Приложение на смесени микробни съобщества за (био)разграждане на едта

В. Иванова, А. Тонкова, А. Василева, М. Шафарикова                                21

III. Технологии за пречистване

Екологична преценка на нова технология на метанова ферментация на битови органични отпадъци

Б. Байков, И. Чуканов, Б. Захаринов                                                           32

Основни явления в биопроцесните системи с фиксиран биофилм върху твърди инертни носители.
Част I. Лабораторна апаратура и експериментални стратегии

Л. Николов, В. Маматаркова                                                                        39

IV. Биоинформатика и биоавтоматика

Приложение на интелигентни софтуерни сензори при микробиалната деградация на нафталина

Св. Василева, Б. Тулева, Н. Христова, П. Петров                                        49

V. Лесобиология и лесотехника

Генетични ресурси и формово разнообразие на Брекината [Sorbus Torminalis (l.) Crantz] в Преславско-Драгоевска планина

Г. Георгиев                                                                                                  57

VI. Екологично и устойчиво земеделие

Възможности за ефективно култивиране на соята в България

А. Механджиев                                          61

VII. Национални и международни научни форуми

Национална конференция с младежка школа “Екологично Инженерство и Опазване на Околната Среда”      67

In Memoriam

Проф. А. Механджиев           (1931 – 2004)            69

Инж. Н. Йорданов         (1951 – 2005)                   70

Влияние на използването на старите автомобили върху качеството на въздуха

С. Каменова, Ж. Бекярова                                        5

About the new and old cars and the quality of air

S. Kamenova, Zh. Bekyuarova                                                        

Abstract: In this research we present results for specific polluting emissions, discharged by motor vehicles at three characteristic Varna crossroads. Specific emissions (for a unit of time and a unit of length) are defined through emission coefficients according t o average results from data received by counting the traffic at the above mentioned crossroads for a different assumed age of the vehicles. We have found out that if vehicles registered before 1990 are stoped out of movement, emissions will be reduced as follows: nitrogen oxides 80-8 5 %, carbon oxid 60-70%, soot- 40-65 %.

Възобновяеми източници на енергия и околна среда

А. Тошев, Й. Петков, Д. Апостолов                                          13

Regenerative sources of energy and environment

A. Toshev, J. Petkov, D. Apostolov                                                  

Abstract. World fuel reserves and possible perspectives of their consumption are discussed. Renewable energy sources supported by natural energy carrier are shown as alternative. They are considered as inexhaustible. A principal review of the most perspective renewable energy sources is made.

Приложение на смесени м икробни съобщества за (био)разграждане на ЕДТА

В. Иванова, А. Тонкова, А. Василева, М. Шафарикова                          21

Potentional applications of mixed bacterial communities in EDTA biodegradation

V. Ivanova, A. Tonkova, A. Vassileva, M. Safarikova                

Abstract. The large qua ntities of polyaminopolycarboxylic acids, such as EDTA, DTPA, NTA, used commercially in a variety of domestic products and industrial processes, are not degraded by conventional biologi cal and physicochemical methods for the treatment of waste water and the purification of drinking water. These chelating agents, EDTA in particular, had thus become the measurable organic compound with the highest concentration in many surface waters and in drinking water. To date, only few microorganisms have been reported to degrade EDTA. So me microbiological aspects of the biodegradation of this complexing agent, catabolic steps in EDTA degradation, and biological methods for the removal of this chelating agent from the waste waters are reviewed.

Екологична преценка на нова технология на метанова ферментация на битови орган ични отпадъци

Б. Байков, И. Чуканов, Б. Захаринов                      32

Ecological assessment of a new technology of the methane fermentation of domestic organic wastes

B. Baykov, I. Chukanov, B. Zaharinov                                              

Abstract: An ecological assessment was d one on the technology of biogas production from domestic organic waste according t o two criteria: level of mineralization of the substrate and content of biogene and toxic microelements in the compost. Optimal parameters were determined of temperature and content of dry substance in t he substrate. It is proved that the domestic organic waste can be used by methane fermentation.

Основни явления в биопроцесните системи с фиксиран биофилм върху твърди инертни носители. Част I. Лабораторна апаратура и експериментални стратегии

Л. Николов, В. Маматаркова                     39

Basic phenomena in the bioprocess systems with fixed film on solid inert supports. Part I. Apparatus and experimental strategies.

L. Nikolov, V. Mamatarkova                                    

Abstract: Main features of the biofilms formed on the solid inert supports as the ma in part of the industrial bioprocess systems with fixed film are described on basis of analysis of literature. In this first part the role of most applicable laboratory apparatuses and experimental methods to research of nature of these systems is discussed. Special attention is paid to the laboratory biofilm reactor in connection with their key role in the biofilm system investigations.

Приложение на интелигентни софтуерни сензори при микробиалната деградация на нафталина

Св. Василева, Б. Тулева, Н. Христова, П. Петров                        49

Intelligent software sensors application for microbial biodegradation of naphthalene

S. Vassileva, B. Tuleva, N. Christova, P. Petrov                               

Abstract. Software sensors were designed by different artificial intelligence techniques and their application is presented on a batch biotechnological process of biodegradation of naphthalene by Bacillus subtilis 22BN. Studying the process of microbial degradation of poorly soluble compounds is a major problem in the biotechnological sanitation of solid wa stes and polluted soil. Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs ) are example of poorly water-soluble compounds that form an environmental problem. Naphthalene degradation was expressed in two ways – directly, by measuring the percentage of residual naphthalene and indirectly, by determining the concentration of the major intermediate metabolite salicylic acid. Developed sensor models are compared for salicylic acid and biodegradation prediction by implementing three different methods.

Генетични ресурси и формово разнообразие на брекината [sorbus torminalis (l.) Crantz] в преславско-драгоевска планина

Г. Георгиев                                     57

Genetic resources of Sorbus Torminalis (l.) Crantz in the region of Preslavsko - Dragoevska mt

G. Georgiev                                      

Abstract: The investigation on the genet ic resources of forest tree species is an important task revealing the genetic diversity of the forest fund. The object of this study is the genetic resou rces and form variability of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz in the region of Preslavsko-Dragoevska Mt., which are scantily investigated. This tree species is characterized by valuable wood and its fruits are with high nutritive quality. Field investigations on habitats of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz. were establishing in some experimental plots. Inventory measurements and phenotype assessment was carried out. The breeding and genetic peculiarities of the species were studied as well.

Възможности за ефективно култивиране на соята в България

А. Механджиев                                61

Possibilities for effective soybean cultivation in Bulgaria

A. Mehandjiev                                                       

Abstract: On the basis of an analysis of national experience and achievements in the field of soybean cultivation its potentialities are discussed and the main trends of development in Bulgaria are formulated. Special attention is paid to the methods for creation of new sorts of soybean, compatible with t he natural specificity of Bulgaria as well as with all the requirements of the modern agriculture sciences.