EEEP 3/2015
ÑÚÄÚÐÆÀÍÈÅ
È. Ñèìåîíîâ
3-4
I. ×ÎÂÅÊ È ÁÈÎÑÔÅÐÀ
Ëèäàðíà
ðåãèñòðàöèÿ íà àåðîçîëè îò ãîðñêè ïîæàðè
áëèçî äî Ñîôèÿ
(àâãóñò 2013)
Àòàíàñêà Ä. Äåëåâà
5-14
Àíòðîïîãåííèòå
ìèêðîäåòðèòè êàòî ôàêòîð çà ñúâðåìåííîòî ñåäèìåíòî- è
ïî÷âîîáðàçóâàíå
Àíòîí Ñîòèðîâ, Íèêîëà
Ïèùàëîâ, Äàíà Ìàëóóä, Ìèõàåëà Éåðóñàëèìîâà, Ñèÿíà Ñàâîâà,
Ðîñèöà Âåçåíêîâà,
Ìåëàíè Åâòèìîâà, Äàíèåë Âåëèíîâ, Äåíèñëàâ Êèðèëîâ
15-21
Ìàðèÿ Äèìèòðîâà, Ðóìåí
Íåäêîâ
22-28
II. ËÅÑÎÁÈÎËÎÃÈß
Èçñëåäâàíå íà
õóìóñíî-êàðáîíàòíè ïî÷âè â ïðåäïëàíèíñêàòà ÷àñò íà
Çàïàäíà Ñòàðà ïëàíèíà
Ñèìåîí Áîãäàíîâ, Ñëàâ÷î
Ñàâåâ, Åâãåíè Öàâêîâ
29-35
Åêîëîãè÷íè èçñëåäâàíèÿ
è îïàçâàíå íà ãîðñêè åêîñèñòåìè íà Âèòîøà
Íàäåæäà Ñòîÿíîâà,
Áèëÿíà Õðèñòîâà
36-41
III. ÂÅÈ È ÁÈÎÃÎÐÈÂÀ
Ìèêðîáíè ãîðèâíè êëåòêè
ñ äåíèòðèôèöèðàùà ñèñòåìà
Öâåòîìèëà
Ïúðâàíîâà-Ìàí÷åâà, Åâãåíèÿ Âàñèëåâà, Âåíêî Áåøêîâ
42-46
Ñðàâíèòåëíî èçñëåäâàíå
íà ôîòîâîëòàè÷íè ñèñòåìè ñ ðàçëè÷íè âèäîâå ïàíåëè
Çàõàðè Çàðêîâ, Ëþäìèë
Ñòîÿíîâ, Õðèñòèÿí Êúí÷åâ, Âàëåíòèí Ìèëåíîâ,
Âëàäèìèð Ëàçàðîâ
47-56
IV. ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈÈ ÇÀ ÏÐÅ×ÈÑÒÂÀÍÅ
Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà è îöåíêà
íà óòàéêè îò ïðå÷èñòâàòåëíà ñòàíöèÿ Êàçàíëúê çà
èçïîëçâàíåòî èì â ïðàêòèêàòà
Ñâåòëà Ìàðèíîâà, Íèêîëà
Êàòèäæîòåñ, Âèêòîð Êîë÷àêîâ, Åëåíà Çëàòàðåâà, Âåðà Ïåòðîâà
57-63
Âëèÿíèå íà
ñúîòíîøåíèåòî C/N âúðõó ïðîöåñ íà àíàåðîáíà
áèîäåãðàäàöèÿ íà ãîâåæäè òîð
Â. Õóáåíîâ, Ä. Äåí÷åâ,
È. Ñèìåîíîâ
64-72
Àòàíàñêà Ä.
Äåëåâà LIDAR DETECTION OF FOREST FIRE
AEROSOLS ABOVE Atanaska D. Deleva Abstract. Experimental
results from remote investigations of atmospheric aerosol
loading over Key words: lidar, aerosols,
fire smoke, troposphere
Àíòîí
Ñîòèðîâ,
Íèêîëà Ïèùàëîâ, Äàíà Ìàëóóä, Ìèõàåëà Éåðóñàëèìîâà, Ñèÿíà
Ñàâîâà,
Ðîñèöà Âåçåíêîâà, Ìåëàíè Åâòèìîâà, Äàíèåë Âåëèíîâ,
Äåíèñëàâ Êèðèëîâ ANTHROPOGENIC MICRO-DETRITUS
AS A FACTOR FOR COTEMPORARY FORMING OF SEDIMENTS Anton Sotirov, Nikola Pistalov, Dana
Mawlood, Mihaela Yerusalimova,
Siana Savova, Rositsa Vezenkova, Melani Eftimova, Daniel
Velinov, Denislav
Kirilov Abstract. Aim of the present
study is to focus attention on solid anthropologic waste
as a factor for
cotemporary forming of sediments and soils. As a result of
the study various
solid micro-detritus was found in river sediment and
alluvial soils at place of
a former illegal landfill in town of Key words: anthropogenic
micro-detritus and fragments, soils, sediments,
contamination
Ìàðèÿ
Äèìèòðîâà, Ðóìåí Íåäêîâ Spatial
and temporal distribution of floods and fires on the Maria
Dimitrova, Roumen Nedkov Abstract: In this paper we
present spatial and temporal distribution of significant
floods, land and
forest fires on the Key words: eco monitoring,
floods, land and forest fires.
Ñèìåîí
Áîãäàíîâ, Ñëàâ÷î Ñàâåâ,
Åâãåíè Öàâêîâ INVESTIGATION
ON HUMUS-CARBONATE
SOILS IN THE WESTERN BALCAN MOUNTAINS
FOOTHILL Simeon
Bogdanov, Slavcho Savev,
Evgeni Tzavkov Abstract.
The paper presents results from investigation on soils
located in the southern
area of the Key words: humus-carbonate
soils, factors of soil formation, physical properties,
chemical properties
Íàäåæäà Ñòîÿíîâà, Áèëÿíà Õðèñòîâà ECOLOGYCAL
INVESTIGATIONS AND PROTECTION OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN Nadezhda Stoyanova,
Biljana Hristova Abstract: The article
presents the main research
activity of the Forest Research Institute at BAS
on
ecolgy and conservation of forest ecosystems in Vitosha Mountain since
1980. This study is
motivated by the importance of
Vitosha
forests for
environmental
improvement of Sofia region.
The short review
shows
that investigations at the Forest
Research Institute covers
various aspects in
the field of ecology and
biology
of the forests. Climatic
conditions are characterized. Data of health state of forest
ecosystems are
established. The study obtained information about soil
conditions and regeneration
processes in the forests. The results may be useful
for the
sustainable management of
forest ecosystems of Vitosha Mountain. Key words: ecology, climate,
forest ecosystems, state
Öâåòîìèëà
Ïúðâàíîâà-Ìàí÷åâà,
Åâãåíèÿ Âàñèëåâà, Âåíêî Áåøêîâ
MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS WITH
DENITRIFICATION SYSTEM
Tsvetomila I.
Parvanova-Mancheva, Venko Beschkov, Evgenia
Vasileva
Abstract.
Microbial fuel
cells (MFC) offer a novel approach in the field of wastewater
treatment, which
can generate electricity through degradation of the substrates containing
nitrates.
Nitrate and
nitrite have been
a worldwide groundwater contaminant mainly due to the use of
fertilizers, industrial
wastes, animal wastes and septic systems. High concentrations
of nitrate and
nitrite in drinking water can cause several health problems
such as ‘‘blue baby
syndrome’’ for infants, and also can lead to liver damage and
cancer in adults.
Microbial production of electricity may
become an important form of
bioenergy in future because MFCs offer the possibility of
extracting electric
current from a wide range of soluble or dissolved complex
organic wastes and
renewable biomass.
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have emerged
in recent years as a promising
yet challenging technology.
Key words: Microbial
fuel cells (MFC), biosensor, wastewater treatment
ÑÐÀÂÍÈÒÅËÍÎ
ÈÇÑËÅÄÂÀÍÅ ÍÀ
ÔÎÒÎÂÎËÒÀÈ×ÍÈ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÈ Ñ ÐÀÇËÈ×ÍÈ ÂÈÄÎÂÅ ÏÀÍÅËÈ
Çàõàðè
Çàðêîâ, Ëþäìèë Ñòîÿíîâ, Õðèñòèÿí Êúí÷åâ, Âàëåíòèí Ìèëåíîâ,
Âëàäèìèð Ëàçàðîâ
COMPARATIVE
STUDY OF
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF MODULES
Zahari
Zarkov, Ludmil Stoyanov, Hristiyan Kanchev, Valentin
Milenov, Vladimir Lazarov
Abstract: The purpose of
the work is to compare the
characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) generators built with
panels manufactured
by different technologies and operating in real conditions.
The paper shows
results from an experimental study of PV systems with
different module types (mono-Si,
poly-Si, μc-Si, CIGS and CdTe). The experiment was
carried out at a research platform for PV systems developed
by the authors,
built and located at an experimental site near the Technical
University of
Sofia. Comparisons are made between the performances of the
studied PV
generators for the same operating conditions. Some
differences of the operation
of the PV systems in sun tracking mode and in fixed angle
mode are also shown.
Keywords:
PV
systems, photovoltaic modules, comparison
ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊÀ È ÎÖÅÍÊÀ ÍÀ ÓÒÀÉÊÈ ÎÒ
ÏÐÅ×ÈÑÒÂÀÒÅËÍÀ
ÑÒÀÍÖÈß ÊÀÇÀÍËÚÊ
ÇÀ ÈÇÏÎËÇÂÀÍÅÒÎ ÈÌ Â
ÏÐÀÊÒÈÊÀÒÀ
Ñâåòëà
Ìàðèíîâà, Íèêîëà
Êàòèäæîòåñ, Âèêòîð Êîë÷àêîâ, Åëåíà Çëàòàðåâà, Âåðà Ïåòðîâà
CHARACTERISTICS
AND
EVALUATION OF THE sludge FROM
Wastewater plant treatment
station Kazanlak FOR USE IN PRACTICE
Abstract: In recent years, are built
and entered into operation a large number
Wastewater plant treatment station (WWTP). In biological
purification,
purified water and sludge. Sludge
accumulate around stations hamper their
functioning and pollute the environment. In connection
with EU requirements is necessary to seek ways to implement
them in practice. An analysis and assessment of
sludge in pulification station in Kazanlak,
after storage
, as required by the law
- are studied chemical, agrochemical and
microbiological parameters.The results establish that the sludges are
biomass,
rich in macro and micro-
elements and can be used in practice.The problem
is the microbiological indicators that do not meet the
requirements of the legislation. It is
necessary seek ways and methods for
decontamination and sludge stabilization before to utilization.
Keywords: sludge,
recovery,
characterization.
ÂËÈßÍÈÅ ÍÀ ÑÚÎÒÍÎØÅÍÈÅÒÎ C/N ÂÚÐÕÓ ÏÐÎÖÅÑ ÍÀ ÀÍÀÅÐÎÁÍÀ ÁÈÎÄÅÃÐÀÄÀÖÈß ÍÀ ÃÎÂÅÆÄÈ ÒÎÐ
Â. Õóáåíîâ, Ä. Äåí÷åâ, È. Ñèìåîíîâ
INFLUENCE OF C/N RATIO ON
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF CATTLE MANURE
V. Hubenov,
D. Denchev, I. Simeonov
Abstract. One
of the most
important factors in the process of anaerobic digestion (AD) is the C/N ratio in
the substrate. If it is
too high, the nitrogen reduction will be a process-limiting
factor. At too low
levels a large quantity of NH3 will be formed,
which is toxic for
the microbial populations. Despite lots of examinations, the
exact value of
this ratio is still undetermined.
The
aim of this study is to
elucidate the influence of the C/N ratio on the metabolites,
enzyme activity
and biogas production during the anaerobic degradation of
cattle manure.
The
variations in the volatile
fatty acids (VFAs) concentration, the activity of the enzymes
- cellulases,
proteases, lipases and amylases, as well as the biogas
production were studied
in a batch process at 35ºC during 14 days. The
initial
C/N
ratio
was
15:1, 20:1, 25:1 and
30:1.
The
VFAs formation during the AD
of cattle manure increased with changing the C/N ratio up to
25:1. The maximum
concentration of these metabolites was 46 mg/L on day 7 from
the beginning of
cultivation. This value was 38 mg/L at the C/N ratio of 30:1.
The produced
biogas quantity was proportional to the C/N ratio and maximum
also at 25:1. The
rate of inclusion of VFAs in biogas production increased continuously
during the process and
after 7 days it superseded the rate of VFAs formation from the
substrate. As a
result, their quantity in the bioreactor decreased. The
activity of all studied
enzymes was highest at the ratio of 25:1. The cellulases and
amylases
participate most actively in the substrate degradation.
The
process of AD of cattle
manure with biogas production runs with the highest rate at
the initial C/N
ratio of 25:1 ensuring an optimal quantity of metabolites and
specific enzyme
activity values reflecting the assimilation of cellulose,
monosaccharides,
proteins and lipids from the substrate.
Key words: anaerobic digestion,
biogas, carbon/nitrogen ratio,
cattle manure