I.
ЧОВЕК И БИОСФЕРА
Получаване на млечнокисели напитки на основа пивна мъст с добавка на етерично
масло от мента
М. Трендафилова, Б. Горанов, В. Шопска, Р. Денкова-Костова, В. Любенова, Г. Костов
5-11
II. БИОАВТОМАТИКА
И БИОИНФОРМАТИКА
Екстремално
управление на система за двуфазна
анаеробна биодеградация: мини обзор
Н. Христов,
Х. Ванг, И. Симеонов
12-25
Подобряване на производството
на биогаз в процеса на
анаеробно усвояване
A.
Чаабна, С.
Семшедин 26-31
III.
ГОРСКА ЕКОЛОГИЯ И БИОЛОГИЯ
Горски пожари
през 2020 г. – икономически и
социални
последици
Х. Цаков, Ал.
Александров, Д. Зотева, О.
Роева
32-36
IV.
ЕКОЛОГИЧНИ БИОТЕХНОЛОГИИ
Eфект
от
използване на промишлен материален поток от „Девня
цимент“ АД за ремедиация
на кисели почви
Св. Маринова, Е. Златарева 37-43
V.
КОСМИЧЕСКИ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И МОНИТОРИНГ НА
ОКОЛНАТА СРЕДА
Д.
Борисова,
Г. Желев, Г. Сотиров
44-55
VI.
РАДИАЦИОННА ЕКОЛОГИЯ
VII.
ЕКОЛОГИЧНО И УСТОЙЧИВО ЗЕМЕДЕЛИЕ
Магдалена Трендафилова, Богдан
Горанов, Весела Шопска, Росица
Денкова-Костова, Велислава Любенова, Георги Костов
PRODUCTION
OF LACTIC ACID
WORT-BASED BEVERAGES WITH MINT ESSENTIAL OIL ADDITION
Magdalena Trendafilova, Bogdan Goranov, Vesela Shopska, Rositsa Denkova-Kostova, Velislava Lyubenova, Georgi Kostov
Abstract: Lactic acid wort-based beverages are functional, non-alcoholic, with low pH value and produced by the fermentation of wort by lactic acid bacteria. They are not well accepted by consumers because of their poor sensory characteristics. Therefore, 0.025 and 0.05 % (v/v) mint (Mentha piperita) essential oil was used as a tool for improvement of lactic acid wort-based beverages organoleptic profile. Wort was produced by 60% Pilsen malt, 20% Vienna malt, and 20% Caramel Munich ІІ malt. It was inoculated with probiotic lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus casei ssp. rhamnosus LBRC11 at a concentration of 107 cells/ml and fermentation was carried out at constant temperature of 25°C. The dynamics of pH, concentration of viable cells, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were monitored and the beverages obtained were evaluated by a tasting panel. The results showed that addition of mint essential oil in concentration of 0.025 and 0.05 % (v/v) inhibited lactic acid fermentation but improved the sensory profile of the beverage obtained only when 0.025% mint essential oil was added. Mint essential oil addition led to an increase in the total phenolic compounds concentration, phenolic acids and flavonoid phenolic compounds, measured by Folin–Ciocalteu and modified Glories method but resulted in a decrease in the antioxidant activity, measured by the DPPH radical scavenging assay, cupric reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The antioxidant activity measured by the ABTS radical scavenging assay was almost equal for the beverages with and without mint essential oil addition. The results obtained will be used for modelling of lactic acids fermentation with addition of mint essential oil for the production of functional wort-based beverages.
ЕКСТРЕМАЛНО
УПРАВЛЕНИЕ НА
СИСТЕМА ЗА ДВУФАЗНА АНАЕРОБНА БИОДЕГРАДАЦИЯ: МИНИ ОБЗОР
Nicolai Christov, Haoping Wang
and Ivan Simeonov
Abstract. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a biotechnological process, in which the microorganisms degrade the complex organic matter to simpler components under anaerobic conditions to produce biogas and fertilizer. It has long been known that the two main species (acidogenic and methanogenic) in the community of microorganisms in AD differ in many aspects and the optimal conditions for their growth and development are different. Therefore, in AD in a single bioreactor (BR) (single-phase process), the optimal conditions are selected taking into account the slow-growing methanogens at the expense of fast-growing acidogens, which affects the efficiency of the whole process. This has led in recent years to the development of two-stage AD (TSAD), in which processes are divided into a cascade of two separate BRs. It is known that this division of the processes into two consecutive BRs leads to significantly higher energy yields for the two-phase system (H2 + CH4), compared to the traditional single-stage CH4 production process.
A. Чаабна, С. Семшедин
IMPROVEMENT OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PROCESSAbdelhani
Chaabna,
Samia Semcheddine
Abstract: The
production of biogas enables environmental preservation and
sustainable
development of rural areas and landlocked regions, as well
as diversification
of renewable energy resources. This paper is a contribution
to improving the
production of biogas by Sliding Mode Control (SMC).
Х. Цаков,
Ал. Александров, Д. Зотева, О.
Роева
Hristo Tsakov, Alexandar
Alexandrov, Dafina Zoteva, Olympia Roeva
Abstract: The
continuing climatic anomalies and the changed social
realities caused by the
global COVID-19 pandemic impose new responsibilities and
new solutions for the
management and use of forests.
Experts
have proved that overexploitation of the forests and the
annual burning of huge
forest areas seriously jeopardize food security on a
regional and global scale,
the economic stability of communities reduces, and the
environmental
degradation increases.
The
fiery hell in Australia in 2020 is one of the worst
wildlife disasters in
modern history. There
are more than 115,000 square kilometers of bushes and
forests devastated,
thousands of homes destroyed, people and over three
million wild animals
killed.
In
2020, 499 fires were registered in the forest
territories of Bulgaria with
total area of 52455 dka. Deciduous
and coniferous vegetation, grasses, border farmland and
infrastructure are
affected.
The
paper summarizes the financial damage and resources used
to extinguish the
fires in the forests of Bulgaria in 2020, regardless of
their ownership.
Keywords: forest fires,
economic consequences,
social consequences.
EФЕКТ ОТ
ИЗПОЛЗВАНЕ НА ПРОМИШЛЕН МАТЕРИАЛЕН ПОТОК ОТ
„ДЕВНЯ ЦИМЕНТ“ АД ЗА РЕМЕДИАЦИЯ НА
КИСЕЛИ ПОЧВИ
Svetla
Marinova, Elena Zlatareva
Д. Борисова, Г. Желев, Г. Сотиров
ACHIEVEMENTS IN SPACE EXPLORATIONS OF SPACE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE AT THE BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCESDenitsa Borisova,
Georgi Jelev, Georgi Sotirov
Abstract: The paper is devoted to the achievements in space explorations of the Space Research and Technology Institute at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. There are considered the research activities and shown the projects and perspective directions for work and their applications.
А. Данчева
METHODS FOR IDENTIFICATION AND VISUALIZATION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE DISPOSAL SITES USING AEROSPACE DATAА. Демерджиев, Д. Тонев, Н. Гутев
RADIATION SHIELDING AND DOSE ASSESSMENT OF THE CYCLOTRON FACILITY AT INRNE-BAS
ПРОБЛЕМИ И ПРЕСПЕКТИВИ ПРИ БИОЛОГИЧНОТО ОТГЛЕЖДАНЕ НА ЗЪРНЕНО-ЖИТНИ КУЛТУРИ - ОБЗОР
Abstract: In this study, an overview is made and a comparative
analysis of articles,
reports and materials dealing with organic farming of LWC,
in the period 1970
to 2021 is performed. After analysing the literature, the
following conclusions
are made:
Cereals
occupy
a particularly important place in organic farming, the
main advantages
of their cultivation are easy farming techniques,
relatively easy mechanical
weed control, disease control through rational crop
rotation, opportunities for
biological control of major pests
The soils in
organic farming are
better structured than those in conventional agriculture.
Organic farming
practices are related to improving soil properties,
including the addition of
organic matter to the soil, increasing the population of
earthworms,
biodiversity, soil fertility and more. Biological
management provides a more
stable soil structure. The larger pores observed in
biological management have
a beneficial effect on the physical properties of the
soil, such as water flow
and water capacity. The greater porosity of the soil
provides a good habitat
for soil microorganisms. Organic farming contributes to
creating a better soil
structure.
Organic
farming
systems have traditionally been based on crop rotation.
The aim of organic
farming is to achieve a balance between crops that reduce
soil fertility and
crops that restore fertility. Crop rotation is the main
tool that integrates
the maintenance and development of soil fertility with
various aspects of plant
production in biological systems.
Specialised selection
programmes for creating varieties
suitable for organic farming are too few due to the small number
of
users and high costs. The most common practise includes
testing the suitability
of conventional
varieties in biological
conditions, propagation and distribution of the best in
the biological sector.
Sowing norms
directly control the sowing density, as well as the
nutrient area of each
plant. Changing sowing rates is also an excellent method
for controlling
weeding in biological fields.
Concerning yields from
organic and conventional
agriculture, organic
farms are less
productive than conventional ones and their productivity
is lower. But if
environmental variables are taken into account, organic
farms show the same or
higher efficiency.
A major problem facing organic
farming in the future is
the protection of fields from pollution by genetically
modified organisms. An
option for protecting biological fields is to maintain a
buffer zone between
the farm and the neighbouring conventional fields to
prevent accidental contamination
with GMOs.
Keywords: organic
farming; cereals, sustainable agriculture.