Ðåäàêöèîíåí
êîìåíòàð
I.
ÊÎÑÌÈ×ÅÑÊÈ ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈÈ È
ÌÎÍÈÒÎÐÈÍÃ ÍÀ ÎÊÎËÍÀ ÑÐÅÄÀ
Êîñìè÷åñêè ìîíèòîðèíã íà àíòðîïîãåííèòå âúçäåéñòâèÿ
âúðõó ïî÷âàòà è âîäíàòà ñðåäà, ñâúðçàíè
ñ òâúðäèòå áèòîâè îòïàäúöè: íàó÷íè è
îáðàçîâàòåëíè
àñïåêòè
(Êîñìè÷åñêî íàáëþäåíèå íà îêîëíàòà ñðåäà)
Ìèõàèë
Øàêðàìàíÿí, Ìàðåòà Êàçàðÿí, Àíäðåé Ðèõòåð 5-12
Òåìåíóæêà
Ñïàñîâà, Ðóìåí Íåäêîâ
13-19
Äàíèåëà
Àâåòèñÿí, Ðóìåí Íåäêîâ, Åìèëèÿ Âåëèçàðîâà 20-30
Àíäðåé
Ñòîÿíîâ, Äåíèöà Áîðèñîâà
31-37
Èçñëåäâàíå
íà åëåêòðîãåííèòå ñâîéñòâà íà ìèêðîôëîðàòà íà êàëíè ìàñè,
ïîëó÷åíè îò ðàçëè÷íè áèîòèïè
Àëåêñåé Òþðèí-Êóçìèí,
Âÿ÷åñëàâ Èëèí, Ä.
Êîðøóíîâ, À. Ïóíåãîâà,
Þ. Ñóïðóíîâà
38-45
III. ×ÎÂÅÊ È
ÁÈÎÑÔÅÐÀ
Èçìåðâàíå íà íèâîòî íà øóìà ñúñ
ñìàðò óñòðîéñòâî è âúíøåí
ìèêðîôîí – îñíîâè, òî÷íîñò è ïðèëîæåíèå
Äîáðÿí Áåíîâ, Äèÿíà Áåíîâà 46-52
V.
ÍÎÂÈ ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÈ
Õàííà
Òàøèðåâà, Aëåêñàíäð Òàøèðåâ, Âèðà Ãîâîðóõà, Îëåñÿ
Õàâðèëþê
53-62
Áèîïðåïàðàòè çà ïðîèçâîäñòâî
íà åêîëîãè÷íî áåçîïàñíè
õðàíè – ÷àñò I
Òàòÿíà
Íóãìàíîâà
63-69
Áèîïðåïàðàòè çà ïðîèçâîäñòâî
íà åêîëîãè÷íî áåçîïàñíè õðàíè – ÷àñò II
Òàòÿíà
Íóãìàíîâà, Ëþáîâ
×èñòÿêîâà, Éîí Ïåòðà, Îëãà Øåëåïîâà, Âåðà
Êîíäðàòèåâà
70-74
ÊÎÑÌÈ×ÅÑÊÈ
ÌÎÍÈÒÎÐÈÍÃ ÍÀ ÀÍÒÐÎÏÎÃÅÍÍÈÒÅ ÂÚÇÄÅÉÑÒÂÈß
ÂÚÐÕÓ ÏÎ×ÂÀÒÀ È ÂÎÄÍÀÒÀ ÑÐÅÄÀ, ÑÂÚÐÇÀÍÈ Ñ ÒÂÚÐÄÈÒÅ
ÁÈÒÎÂÈ ÎÒÏÀÄÚÖÈ: ÍÀÓ×ÍÈ È
ÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÒÅËÍÈ ÀÑÏÅÊÒÈ (ÊÎÑÌÈ×ÅÑÊÎ
ÍÀÁËÞÄÅÍÈÅ ÍÀ ÎÊÎËÍÀÒÀ ÑÐÅÄÀ)
Øàêðàìàíÿí M. A., Êàçàðÿí M. Ë., Ðèõòåð A. A.
Shakhramanyan M. A., L. Kazaryan M. L.,
Richter A. A.
Abstract. A new technology
of monitoring and control of solid waste, based on the
reception and processing
of the Earth remote sensing data with different spatial
resolution and spectral
resolution is proposed. The technology is based on the
processing of multispectral
and hyperspectral images from space in special software
products, the
identification and analysis of solid waste from small
(suburban, road clutter)
to large (industrial and urban landfills), depending on the
spatial and
spectral resolution of the space image. At present, software
complexes for
processing (deciphering) of space images of solid domestic
waste and their
adjacent territories have been developed.
With the help of these software
complexes, it became possible to
identify unauthorized landfills, to determine the
correctness of operation of
existing landfills in accordance with existing regulatory
documents, to
determine the sequence of liquidation of various landfills,
depending on the
degree of their negative impact on the environment and human
health.
The introduction of the proposed
technology can provide substantial
assistance to various ministries, departments and the public
in detecting at an
early stage the places of clutter, the so-called
pre-landfills, which, if not
to take preventive measures, can become real garbage dumps
with all the ensuing
environmental problems.
It is important that schools and
universities, for which this work will
be attractive both in terms of planning and implementation
of research
activities, education of young people with an active life
position in terms of
ecology and environmental protection, be included in the
implementation of the
"Space Ecological Watch" project.
It should be borne in mind that SHW
landfills are basically "the
reactors" in which various physical-chemical reactions
(combustion,
oxidation, etc.) are rapidly occurring; besides SWLs are of
considerable
interest for educational and research processes both in
secondary and higher
schools. Moreover, many parameters of these
physical-chemical reactions in the
time-mode, close to the real one, can be controlled by
methods of remote
sensing of the Earth from space.
We propose to organize the International
Competition "Space
Environmental Watch" with the participation of students and
schoolchildren
from different countries of the world. This Competition will
be based on the
technology described above, will have the following
nominations: -
identification of unauthorized landfills; - landfills
Information validity
check; - assessment of the impact of solid waste landfills
on the environment.
According to the
results of the competition, a digital map with identified
unauthorized garbage
dumps and an assessment of their impact on the environment
can be made on the
Internet.
Kew words: landfill object,
SHW landfill, garbage dump, metasubject, MatLab, educational
process, training
modules, teaching activities
ÌÎÍÈÒÎÐÈÍà ÍÀ ÊÐÀÒÊÎÒÐÀÉÍÀ ÑÍÅÆÍÀ ÏÎÊÐÈÂÊÀ ÍÀ ÁÀÇÀÒÀ ÍÀ ÎÏÒÈ×ÍÈ È ÐÀÄÀÐÍÈ ÄÀÍÍÈ ÎÒ ÑÏÚÒÍÈÖÈÒÅ SENTINEL-1 è SENTINEL-2
Òåìåíóæêà Ñïàñîâà, Ðóìåí Íåäêîâ
Temenuzhka Spasova, Roumen Nedkov
Abstract: Snow cover monitoring
shows the great importance of this rainfall,
the time-lines of the data from this event, and the
spatial range and area of
the observed object.
The main aim of the
presented research is to trace the use of different
satellite data and
approaches to track the dynamics of the development of the
short-lived snow
coverage.
The subject of the
study is short-lived snow coverage and its dynamics for 12
and 13 March 13, 2017 for
Sofia city area, Bulgaria. The objects were analyzed and
mapped according to
ESA data, acquired by sensors Sentinel-1 SAR and
Sentinel-2 MSI.
Results have been
obtained for quantitative changes of wet snow cover and
its dynamics. The data
used are with a high time-spatial resolution, which is
imperative when it is
need to study a short-lived event such as the wet snow
coverage.
The importance of
this monitoring is that the remote sensing and reliable
data required
calculating models of climate, natural disasters and
crashes have been obtained.
Äàíèåëà Àâåòèñÿí, Ðóìåí Íåäêîâ, Åìèëèÿ Âåëèçàðîâà
INTEGRATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE HASKOVO REGION’S LANDS IN TERMS OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE TO DESERTIFICATION AREAS
Daniela Avetisyan, Roumen Nedkov,
Emiliya Velizarova
Abstract. Desertification is the consequence of a set of
important processes which are active in arid, semi-arid
and dry sub-humid
environments, where water is the main limiting factor of
land use performance
in ecosystems. Located in dry sub-humid environments of
South-Eastern Bulgaria, Haskovo Region is
distinguished with a
significant
lack of humidity in growing period
reaching up to 700 mm. Landscapes in Haskovo Region
exhibit different
sensitivity to desertification for various reasons
mainly determined by the
characteristics of their components and how they react
to changing environment.
The various types of sensitive to desertification
landscapes can be
distinguished and mapped by using certain key indicators
for assessment of the land capability
to withstand further
degradation. These factors can be divided into four
broad categories defining
the qualities of soil, climate, vegetation, and
management (stressor
indicators). The aim of the resent study is to identify
main characteristics of
landscape components and to delineate territories with
lands resistance to
degradation processes in terms of desertification. Remote sensing methods and GIS were used.
ÌÎÍÈÒÎÐÈÍÃ
ÍÀ ÃÎÐÑÊÈ ÅÊÎÑÈÑÒÅÌÈ
Ñ ÈÇÏÎËÇÂÀÍÅ ÍÀ ÏÐÎÑÒÐÀÍÑÒÂÅÍÎ-ÂÐÅÌÅÂÈ ÀÍÀËÈÇ ÍÀ
ÐÀÇËÈ×ÍÈ ÒÈÏÎÂÅ ÀÅÐÎÊÎÑÌÈ×ÅÑÊÈ
ÄÀÍÍÈ
Àíäðåé Ñòîÿíîâ, Äåíèöà Áîðèñîâà
MONITORING ON
FOREST ECOSYSTEMS BY USING SPACE-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS
OF DIFFERENT TYPES AEROSPACE
DATA
Andrei Stoyanov, Denitsa
Borisova
Abstract: The following work
presents results derived by space-temporal
analysis of different types of aerospace data for
environmental monitoring on
the dynamics of the condition of the forest
vegetation.
Different indices (NDVI, NDWI) and
indicators have been used for
territories occupied by different types of forest
ecosystems. A comparative
analysis between optical and radar images have been
conducted and results about
the degree of correlation between the different generated
indices from the
tested areas are presented.
Based on the
performed different analysis and surveys
and the results derived from them, an evaluation can be
done for the following:
for which territories occupied by specific forest
vegetation are the most
sensitive indices during the monitoring.
The derived results could be used for
monitoring and ecological assessment
on forest resources management in regional and national
action plans.
ÈÇÑËÅÄÂÀÍÅ ÍÀ
ÅËÅÊÒÐÎÃÅÍÍÈÒÅ ÑÂÎÉÑÒÂÀ ÍÀ ÌÈÊÐÎÔËÎÐÀÒÀ ÍÀ ÊÀËÍÈ
ÌÀÑÈ, ÏÎËÓ×ÅÍÈ ÎÒ ÐÀÇËÈ×ÍÈ ÁÈÎÒÈÏÈ
À.Þ. Òþðèí-Êóçìèí, Â.Ê. Èëèí,
Ä.Â. Êîðøóíîâ, À.Â. Ïóíåãîâà, Þ.Â.
Ñóïðóíîâà
STUDY OF ELECTROGENIC PROPERTIES OF
MICROFLORA OF
MUD MASSES OBTAINED FROM VARIOUS BIOTYPES
Tjurin-Kuzmin A.Ju., Ilyin V.K., Korshunov
D.V., Punegova A.V.,
Suprunova Ju.V.
Abstract: Microbial fuel
cells (MFC) are an environmentally friendly way of
generating electricity,
which is often accompanied by the decomposition of organic
waste. A common
problem for these devices is the low power generated by the
electric current.
In nature, the decomposition of organic waste, coupled with
oxidation-reduction
reactions, i.e. the transfer of electrons and protons formed
during the
decomposition is carried out by microbial communities,
which, in their optimal
state for this process, are called active sludge (AS). A
mature active sludge
consists of a so-called flocculium - round formations in the
size from 30 to
100 and more microns, inside of which microorganisms
carrying out various
reactions of decomposition of organic substances are
contained. It is easy to
see that the MFC design is topologically similar to the
active sludge
flocculant. We tried to check how the presence of
microorganisms in the water
chamber affects the productivity of the MFC by filling the
anode and cathode
chambers with the same sludge mixture, and the test cells
were shaken on a
shaker to create favorable conditions for the formation of
microbial
communities. The active sludge cell in both chambers shaken
on the shaker, over
time, generated the highest voltage in the external circuit
as compared to the
control samples. The obtained data confirm the legitimacy of
the assimilation
of MFC flocculine AS. The evolution of the microbial
community of the silt
mixture in two directions - in the aerobic and anaerobic MFC
chambers - apparently
leads to the formation of two different communities mutually
complementing each
other as part of the MFC and improving the operation of the
MFC, subject to
additional dynamic provision (shaking). The effect of the
addition of peptone
to the anode chamber on the productivity of MFC was also
investigated. The
periodic addition of peptone significantly increased the
output power of the
MFC cell. Apparently, substrates of protein nature,
representing a nutrient
medium for electrogenic bacteria, can be used to stimulate
the electrogenic
activity of the microflora of late anaerobic silt.
ÈÇÌÅÐÂÀÍÅ ÍÀ ÍÈÂÎÒÎ ÍÀ ØÓÌÀ
ÑÚÑ ÑÌÀÐÒ-ÓÑÒÐÎÉÑÒÂÎ
È ÂÚÍØÅÍ
ÌÈÊÐÎÔÎÍ – ÎÑÍÎÂÈ,
ÒÎ×ÍÎÑÒ È
ÏÐÈËÎÆÅÍÈÅ
NOISE MEASUREMENT WITH SMART DEVICE AND
EXTERNAL MICROPHONE – BASICS, ACCURACY AND
APPLICATIONS
Dobriyan Benov,
Diyana Benova
Abstract: The noise level is
measured by instruments called noise meters. In this
paper, we look at the
possibility of using smart devices with an external
microphone instead of noise
meters. We explore and compare types of smart devices,
external microphones,
and software. Their accuracy is compared to professional
certified tools. The
possibilities for their application in different
situations are examined and
recommendations are made.
Õàííà Òàøèðåâà, Àëåêñàíäð
Òàøèðåâ, Âèðà Ãîâîðóõà, Îëåñÿ Õàâðèëþê
THE
EFFECT OF
MIXING MODES ON BIOHYDROGEN YIELD AND SPATIAL
PH GRADIENT AT DARK
FERMENTATION OF SOLID FOOD WASTE
Hanna Tashyreva, Oleksandr
Tashyrev, Vira Govorukha, Olesya
Havryliuk
Abstract.
Dark fermentation of multicomponent solid food waste by
soil hydrogen-producing
bacterial community was studied in horizontal batch
reactor under different
mechanical mixing modes; speed
of mixing (rpm) and frequency of mixing (duration mixing
and pause) were
selected as target for optimization. Addition of pH
indicator bromothymol blue
to the culture liquid allowed to study patterns
of
formation of acidification zones in solid/liquid/gaseous
fermentation system.
It was detected that mixing speed can contribute to
sustainable maintenance of
optimal pH values and prevent formation of spatial pH
gradient. Adjusting of
mixing and pause duration resulted in significant
decrease of digestion cycle
and increase in volumetric hydrogen production rate.
Established optimal mixing
mode 24 rpm, 10 min of mixing/20 min of pause provided biohydrogen yield 123 LH2 kg-1
TSadded and
reduction in the concentration of total suspended solids
from
70 to 0.75 g/L in
4 days.
Key
words: dark fermentation, mixing,
biohydrogen, spatial pH-gradient, food
waste, suspended solids
ÁÈÎÏÐÅÏÀÐÀÒÈ
ÇÀ ÏÐÎÈÇÂÎÄÑÒÂÎ ÍÀ ÅÊÎËÎÃÈ×ÍÎ ÁÅÇÎÏÀÑÍÈ
ÕÐÀÍÈ - ×àñò I
Òàòÿíà Íóãìàíîâà
Tatiana Nugmanova
Abstract: Russian biopreparations cover almost all aspects of the problem of growing plants. The history of development and implementation of industrial large-scale production of biopreparations in Russia goes back more than 40 years. Biopreparations have a purposeful action and are divided into the following main types: bioinsecticides, biofungicides, biofertilizers, immunomodulators and regulators of plant growth and development, as well as land-fertilizing biopreparations. The variety of Russian biopreparations can fully ensure the implementation of the potential varietal properties of agricultural plants, minimize damage from adverse weather conditions, reduce the cost of chemicals, restore soil humus and obtain environmentally friendly food.
ÁÈÎÏÐÅÏÀÐÀÒÈ
ÇÀ ÏÐÎÈÇÂÎÄÑÒÂÎ ÍÀ ÅÊÎËÎÃÈ×ÍÎ ÁÅÇÎÏÀÑÍÈ ÕÐÀÍÈ – ×ÀÑÒ II
Òàòÿíà
Íóãìàíîâà, Ëþáîâ
×èñòÿêîâà, Éîí Ïåòðà, Îëãà Øåëåïîâà, Âåðà Êîíäðàòèåâà
Tatiana Nugmanova, Lyubov
Chistyakova, Iion Petra, Olga Shelepova, Vera Kondrat’eva
Abstract. The effectiveness of
the bio
fertilizer “NIKFAN” - one of the main
biopreparations used in the Biologization
System - was studied. This is a new modern biopreparation,
which proved to be
very effective for cultivating various crops in open and
closed ground. In this
article, as an example, the results of its application for
cultivating cucumber
in greenhouses are provided. The influence of the Nikfan
biopreparation on the
elasticity of leaves and the content of chlorophyll in
them has also been
confirmed.
Key words:
biopreparation,
vegetables, cucumber, growth stimulation