Р. Недков, И. Иванова, Д. Панайотова, М. Димитрова, М. Захаринова
ECOMONITORING INVESTIGATION OF LAND COVER OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF KARDZHALI, USING AEROSPACE AND GPS DATA
R. Nedkov, I. Ivanova, D. Panayotova, M. Dimitrova, M. Zaharinova
Abstract: In this paper a land cover and agro-climatic characteristics is done in the land of the municipality of Kardzhali. Kardzhali municipality comprises of 117 settlements covered in 45 municipalities. A characteristic of agro-climatic conditions is done in the region – relief, agro-climatic resources, rainfall, temperature conditions during the vegetation period and soil types. For a description of the types of land cover are used a data from CORINE Land Cover. Forests and agricultural areas are the main land cover classes in the region. The aim of this paper is to assess the terrain and its ability to be used in agricultural activities.
Key words: land cover, satellite and GPS data, agro-climatic characteristics
АКТИВНИТЕ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНИ СЪСТАВКИ КАТО ЗАМЪРСИТЕЛИ НА ОКОЛНАТА СРЕДА: ВЪЗНИКВАЩ ПРОБЛЕМ С МНОГО НЕИЗВЕСТНИ
Любомира Николаева-Гломб
ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS AS ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS: AN EMERGING PROBLEM
Lubomira Nikolaeva-Glomb
Abstract. Millions of doses of human and veterinary medicines are taken daily to fight cancer, pain, depression, infections, parasites, etc. and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) enter the environment. Traces of them, typically at levels in the nanograms, have been reported in wastewater, surface and ground waters, and, to a lesser extent, soils and drinking water. Many examples already exist indicating the harmful influence of released APIs in the environment. Although currently it is believed that the likelihood of damage to human health is virtually zero, the emergence of ecological imbalance in certain areas is well documented. A framework for risk assessment when new medicines are to be registered already exists based on a hierarchical (phased) approach with each tier being more refined. However, the benefit to the patient has a comparative advantage over environmental risks and appropriate and increased safety measures are recommended.
Key words: active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), emerging pollutants, environmental side effects
ЕКОЛОГИЧЕН МОНИТОРИНГ НА ОКОЛНАТА СРЕДА В ГРАД КЮСТЕНДИЛ
А. Сотиров, Р. Везенкова, Н. Пищалов, С.
Савова,
Л. Станчев, Р. Расулски
ECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN TOWN OF KYUSTENDIL
А. Sotirov, R. Vezenkova, N.. Pishtalov, S. Savova, L. Stanchev, R. Rasulski 19-28
Abstract.
Present
investigation gives
information about some parameters of the environment in town
of
Kyustendil,
Bulgaria. The parameters are chosen on the basis of the main
purpose of
the
study – receiving of information for the condition of water
resources,
precipitations, soils, radiation background, and air in the
town and
making
decisions and conclusions.
Measurements of the rainfall, soil, water, and radiation were implemented every day during 2 years period and seasonal (winter and summer) measurements of the river of Banshtitsa.
It
was
chosen the method of
measurement “in-situ”, on the terrain through direct sampling
“grab
samples”,
because the advantage of the method is high authenticity,
correctness
and
accuracy of the investigations. Using of digital instruments
is
preferred,
because their possibilities for quick, comfortable and precise
measurements of
the studied parameters.
There is not reference or public data for scientific or
practical
environmental
studies of the region. Investigations were done only for
regions near
to the
town in the mining area of Osogovo Mountain. Published data
for
environmental
monitoring of urban area of town Kyustendil, Bulgaria is
published only
by the
author.
Key words: environmental monitoring, soil, air, water
ЕВРОПЕЙСКА СХЕМА ЗА ТЪРГОВИЯ С ЕМИСИИ – МИНАЛО, НАСТОЯЩЕ И БЪДЕЩЕ
Атанас Kаймакчиев
EUROPEAN EMISSION TRADING SCHEME – PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
Atanas Kaymaktchiev
Abstract. EU ETS (European Emission Trading Scheme) was created by the EC (European Commission) and actually started January 2005. Its essence, action mechanisms and application in the European countries and Bulgaria during phases I and II of Kyoto Protocol were discussed. The European market of CO2-quotas during the period 2008-2012 was overwied generally according this Scheme. Prognoses and action tendencies of EU ETS and the market development during this period were presented. The projects realized in Bulgaria as a result of Kyoto Protocol were briefly described.
Key words: emission, scheme, quota, carbon dioxide
ИНТЕНЗИФИКАЦИЯ НА ГЕНЕРИРАНЕТО НА БИО-ЕЛЕКТРИЧЕСТВО В МИКРОБНИ ГОРИВНИ ЕЛЕМЕНТИ
Т. Воейкова, Л. Емелянова, Н. Мордкович, Р. Шакулов, К. Сидорюк, И. Смирнов, П. Солдатов, А. Тюрин-Кузмин, Т. Смоленская, В. Дебабов, В. Илин
INTENSIFICATION OF Bioelectricity Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells
Tatyana Voeikova, Lidia Emelyanova, Ludmila Novikova, Nadezshda Mordkovich, Rustem Shakulov, Konstantin Sidoruk, Igor Smirnov, Pavel Soldatov, Aleksey Tyurin-Kuz'min, Tatyana Smolenskaya, Vladimir Debabov, Vyacheslav Ilyin
Abstract: The present investigation has demonstrated that electricity production in microbial fuel cells (MFC) can be enhanced by means of intensification of oxidation-reduction processes in genetically modified electrogenic bacteria. Mutants FRS1 and FRB1of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 exhibited an increased reducing activity and higher rates of lactate utilization were obtained after processing of a strain of the mutagen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and selection on resistance to antibiotic fosfomycin. The reducing activity of these mutants was identified with respect to the rate of discoloration of methylene blue (MB), a dye that served as an electron transfer mediator. A correlation was shown between the rates of metabolism of oxidized substrates and the rate of discoloration of MB. The capability of S. oneidensis MR-1 mutants to generate bioelectricity was measured in MFC of different types. It was shown that the rate of MB discoloration was in direct correlation with the level of voltage in MFC of the above strains. In the case when the mutants were used, the parameter in MFC proved to be 30-40% greater than in the case of the parent strain.
Keywords: Electrogenic bacteria, bioelectricity, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, mutants, microbial fuel cells
БАКТЕРИАЛНИ И ДРОЖДЕВИ ЕКОСИСТЕМИ В БИОЕТАНОЛНИТЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА
Кънчо Лахчев
MICROBIAL ECOSYSTEMS IN BIOETHANOL FACILITIES
Kantcho Lahtchev
Abstract. Industrial alcohol fermentations occur in nonsterile conditions and as a consequence in culture media appeared and developed special kind of ecosystems composed from three large groups of microorganisms: starter strains of distillery yeasts, a lot of lactic acid bacteria and so called “wild yeasts”. During fermentation processes dynamic alternation between quantitative ratios of these microorganisms are observed. On the other hand inside of such ecosystems interspecies relations of neutralism, competition and/or antagonism regularly proceeds and affect the efficiency of fermentation process and sometimes caused shut down of industrial manufacturing for cleaning. In this review the sources of contaminations as well as ways by which they penetrate into fermenors are described. The mechanisms of inhibition of ethanol fermentations by lactic acid bacteria and wild yeast are discussed with the emphasis on methods used to control such undesired microflora.
Key words: alcohol fermentation, distillery yeast, lactic acid bacteria, “wild” yeasts
БАЛАНСИРАНЕ НА АКТИВНИТЕ МОЩНОСТИ В ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГИЙНИ СИСТЕМИ СЪС ЗНАЧИТЕЛНО ИЗПОЛЗВАНЕ НА ВЯТЪРНИ ЕЛЕКТРОСТАНЦИИ
Мария Кънева, Здравко Попов, Димо Стоилов
POWER BALANCING IN ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM WITH CONSIDERABLE WIND POWER PENETRATION
Maria Kaneva, Zdravko Popov, Dimo Stoilov
Abstract: The balance between electric power generation and load is crucial for the security and quality of electricity supply across the Electric Power System (EPS). It is an important task executed on minute-to-minute base by the system operator. Penetration of renewable energy sources with intermittent generated power complicates further this difficult task - this paper studies the influence of wind generators. A model of a wind park is developed, typical disturbances are applied, and the obtained results are analyzed. Useful conclusions concerning the power system operation and the balancing market functioning are drawn.
Keywords: electric power system, wind power, active power balance
ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТ НА ВИСОКПЛАНИНСКИЯ БЯЛ БОР (PINUS SILVESTRIS L.) ПО СЕВЕРОИЗТОЧНИТЕ СКЛОНОВЕ НА РИЛА
Гено Пеев, Александър Александров
VARIABILITY
OF HIGH MOUNTAIN
SCOTS PINE (PINUS SILVESTRIS L.) ON NORTHEASTERN SLOPES OF RILA
MOUNTAIN
Geno Peev, Alexander
Alexandrov
Abstract One of the mоst important coniferous species in Bulgaria is Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) distributed mainly in the Rhodope mountains, Rila Mt. and Pirin Mt. usually from 1000 m to 2000 m above sea level. Its variability was investigated at high mountain parts on northeastern slopes of Rila Mt. The morphological and ecological traits of Scots pine at the marginal population were established.
Key Words: variability, Pinus silvestris, Rila Mt.
SORBUS DOMESTICA L. – ЦЕНЕН ДЪРВЕСЕН ВИД В БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ГОРИ
Георги П. Георгиев
SORBUS DOMESTICA L. – A VALUABLE TREE SPECIES IN BULGARIAN FORESTS
Georgi P. Georgiev
Abstract: Service tree (Sorbus domestica L.) is a tree species of importance for the biodiversity in Bulgarian forests. Its share in stands’ composition in the Eastern Balkan Range is relatively higher compared with that of the other mountains. The optimum of species’ distribution in the investigated region, as well as its ecological requirements, and phenotypic characteristics of sample trees were determined. Individuals with the highest quality (plus trees) are selected and recommended for collecting of reproductive materials.
Key words: Sorbus domestica L., ecological requirements, biodiversity
