CONTENTS
H. Najdenski
3-4
I. MAN AND BIOSPHERE
Tonko
Petkov
5-9
Zheko
Radev
10-16
II. TECHNOLOGIES
FOR DEPOLUTION
Review
of possibilities for organic acids separation by
extraction route
Svetlana Zhivkova
17-25
III. MICROORGANISMS AND ENVIRONMENT
Dencho
Denchev, Jeni Miteva-Staleva, Venelin
Hubenov
26-38
IV. FOREST BIOLOGY
Soil assessment
of brown forest soils in the Western Rhodope
mountains
Simeon
Bogdanov
39-46
V. RENEWABLE
ENERGY SOURCES AND BIOFUELS
Factors
affecting the functioning of the processes for
biogas production: a review
Nora
Dinova
47-59
Zahari Zarkov
60-69
VI. SCIENTIFIC
FORUMS
14th Congress of
microbiologists in Bulgaria
70-71
VI. SCIENTIFIC
INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANISATIONS
International
Eurasian Academy of Sciences
72-74
VII. JUBILEES
ANALYSIS OF THE PUBLISHED IN AERONAUTICAL
INFORMATION PUBLICATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA
(AIP) NOISE ABATEMENT PROCEDURES
Tonko Petkov
Abstract: In aeronautical information
publication of the Republic of Bulgaria (AIP) inter alia are
declared applicable to a given date noise abatement
procedures around international airports in Bulgaria. In
material provides an overview and analysis of the procedures
for reducing aircraft noise. Analyse shortcomings and
proposed measures for improving the scope of those measures.
Key words: aviation noise, noise
management procedures
Zheko
Radev
Abstract:
Botanical
analyses of the collected pollen indicatå that
honey bees prefer to collect pollen
from 5 to 6 plants species during every single month. It is
not proven difference and there is no relation between
amount of pollens collection and their protein content. The
amount of pollen that the bees collect depends on the
population of the certain plants that bees visit. We have to take into account the differences
in the discoveries of bees-scouts, when searching for new crops, flower
type, the number of flowers, bees’ direct access pass, the
distance to the hives, ecological factors and etc. When
flowering introduced agricultural plants, bees collect most
of them pollen, depence on the climate condition. The results of the study show that the wide variety of pollen
provide the taxons of naturally occurring flora, over
75%-80%. From ecological
point of view, it is necessary to conserve the natural flora
in order to ensure the normal feeding of the bees and the
maintenance of the biodiversity.
Key
words: pollen, protein
content,
honey bee, Apis
mellifera L.
REVIEW OF POSSIBILITIES FOR ORGANIC
ACIDS SEPARATION BY EXTRACTION ROUTE
Svetlana Zhivkova
Abstract:
The
liquid-liquid extraction process is a highly selective
method and one of the most versatile procedures used for the
extraction, separation and concentration of a variety of
organic and inorganic components from various aqueous media
with a wide range of initial concentrations, and a process
with the lowest cost for obtaining a high quality ends
products. It has a wide application in the purification of
production solutions and the recycling of waste from the
industry. As a result, environmental pollution is reduced
and an opportunity for utilizing of important human life
components is created. Carboxylic acids are present in the
wastewater of various industries. In some cases the
production of an acid by means of fermentation also leads to
the production of another acid as a bio-product, i.e. the
two acids co-produce each other. Given the widespread use of
organic acids in the food, pharmaceutical, chemical and
textile industries, new extraction methods have been
developed for their recovery and separation with a view to
their subsequent applications. The aim of this study is to
review the some possibilities for separating some
monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic and tricarboxylic organic acids
from their binary or tertiary mixture solutions by
liquid-liquid extraction using the appropriate organic
phase.
Key
words:
organic acids, liquid-liquid extraction, TBP, TOA.
Dencho Denchev, Jeni
Miteva-Staleva, Venelin Hubenov
Abstract: Microorganisms have a high adaptive
ability to extreme conditions of the space environment
thanks to phenotypic and
genetic
amendment. These changes can affect astronauts, especially
on long-duration space flights. This review aims to identify
and analyze literary data relating to the biological
diversity of microorganisms isolated and surviving in space,
the impact of these conditions on the physiological and
productive capabilities of microbial cells and the
possibilities for their application for the removal and
recovery of waste on long-haul space flights. Very serious
attention is paid to the anaerobic digestion of sanitary
wastes (which are mostly cellulosic), especially for
long-haul space flights.
Keywords: space, microorganisms, diversity,
survival, productivity
SOIL ASSESSMENT OF BROWN
FOREST SOILS IN THE WESTERN RHODOPE MOUNTAINS
Simeon Bogdanov
Abstract. The paper presents results
from experience to soil assessment on
Key words: brown forest soil, soil assessment, soil
silvicultural properties, forest stands
FACTORS AFFECTING THE
FUNCTIONING OF THE PROCESSES FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION: A
REVIEW
Nora Dinova
Abstract: The multistepness of the
process of anaerobic digestion and the complexness of the
microbial consortium that performs it make the technologies
for biogas production dependable of multiple factors. What
are they, what are their optimal boundaries and the
consequences of their deviations are discussed in details in
the present article. The selection and combination of
substrates, the sustainability of the optimal technological
parameters and the purposive functional control are of
essential importance for the effectiveness, efficiency and
optimization of these technologies.
Key words: anaerobic digestion, biogas,
impact, factors, methanogenesis, substrates
Zahari Zarkov
Abstract: The article presents the
experience of the author in the area of physical modeling
of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) with synchronous
generators and electronic converters. A small power test
bench is developed in the Laboratory of Renewable Energy
Sources (Electrical aspects), Faculty of Electrical
Engineering of the Technical University - Sofia that gives
the possibility to study the processes in WECS in
laboratory conditions. The application of flexible dSPACE
DS1104 microprocessor platform allows implementing the
control of the electronic converters in the system, but it
also makes possible to monitor and change the control
parameters of a running system. Integration with
Matlab/Simulink gives great possibility to quickly test
control models that are already simulated and have to test
their properties in real-world conditions. Some
experimental results are also presented that prove the
full functionality of the created physical model.
Keywords:
Environmental impact, dSPACE platform, Physical modeling,
Wind energy conversion systems, Wind turbines