CONTENTS
Editor's comment
H. Najdenski 3-4
I.
MAN AND BIOSPHERE
Indicators
for environmental protection regarding transport
M.
Evtimova
5-10
S.
Ivanova, D. Markova
11-15
Total
β-activity in oriental tobacco grown under
stationary non-fertilizing conditions
A.
Georgieva, S. Kirkova
16-19
II. SPACE
TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
M.Dimitrova,
P.
Trenchev, D. Gochev
20-24
D. Gotchev, R. Nedkov, M. Dimitrova 25-33
III.
TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEPOLUTION
Adsorption
of heavy metals from contaminated soils using
oyster mushroom (Pleurotus
Ostreatus)
M. Mladenov, S. Yaneva, D. Kolchakova
34-39
Extraction of some organic acids by
means of molecular extractants and ionic liquids
S. Zhivkova, M. Bogdanov
40-52
Electrochemical denitrification
Ts. Parvanova-Mancheva, E. Vasileva, V. Beschkov
53-59
IV. ECOLOGICAL AND
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Ecological
assessment of adaptive capacity and environment
during the cultivation of fruit crops
V.
Scorina, F. Mousaev, Vit. Scorina,
60-69
Potential of moisture
under the phase transition of the soil solution
in sod-non-fertile soil
H. Muromcev, U. Magajskii, K.
Anisimov, H. Semenov, T. Guseva
70-74
V. FOREST BIOLOGY
Investigation
on chernozems in the Ludogorie region
S. Bogdanov, V. Ilinkin, A. Goleva
75-80
Editor's comment
H. Najdenski 3-4
I.
MAN AND BIOSPHERE
Indicators
for environmental protection regarding transport
M.
Evtimova
5-10
S.
Ivanova, D. Markova
11-15
Total
β-activity in oriental tobacco grown under
stationary non-fertilizing conditions
A.
Georgieva, S. Kirkova
16-19
II. SPACE
TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
M.Dimitrova,
P.
Trenchev, D. Gochev
20-24
D. Gotchev, R. Nedkov, M. Dimitrova 25-33
III.
TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEPOLUTION
Adsorption
of heavy metals from contaminated soils using
oyster mushroom (Pleurotus
Ostreatus)
M. Mladenov, S. Yaneva, D. Kolchakova
34-39
Extraction of some organic acids by
means of molecular extractants and ionic liquids
S. Zhivkova, M. Bogdanov
40-52
Electrochemical denitrification
Ts. Parvanova-Mancheva, E. Vasileva, V. Beschkov
53-59
IV. ECOLOGICAL AND
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Ecological
assessment of adaptive capacity and environment
during the cultivation of fruit crops
V.
Scorina, F. Mousaev, Vit. Scorina,
60-69
Potential of moisture
under the phase transition of the soil solution
in sod-non-fertile soil
H. Muromcev, U. Magajskii, K.
Anisimov, H. Semenov, T. Guseva
70-74
V. FOREST BIOLOGY
Investigation
on chernozems in the Ludogorie region
S. Bogdanov, V. Ilinkin, A. Goleva
75-80
INDICATORS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGARDING TRANSPORT
Miryana Evtimova
Abstract: The subject of this study are the indicators of environmental
protection in terms of transport. The aim is the analysis of trends and
identifying key factors for environmental protection. An comparative analysis of
various indicators such as passenger and freight transport by different modes of transport, consumption of
conventional and alternative fuels and greenhouse gas
emissions is made. Discusses are the results of final energy
consumption in economic sectors and the share of renewable
energy in fuel consumption. Presented is a comparative analysis of
carbon dioxide emissions from road and other transport
modes. Analyzed the results of the study of the emission
balance for the lifecycle of sunflower oil as biofuel.
Finally, conclusions are made about the possibilities of the improving the indicators of
environmental protection in transport.
Keywords: transport, greenhouse gases, emissions, alternative fuels
Snezhana
Ivanova, Dessislava Markova
Abstract: We was conducted a
marketing study in order to reveal the opportunities for
development of ecotourism on the territory of Central
Balkan National Park by exploring the attitude of the
tourists to conduct ecotourism on the territory of the
park. Questionnaires are processed statistically and
mathematically. The results are presented graphically.
Keywords:
aerosols,
atmospheric pollution, remote sensing, ecology
TOTAL
β-ACTIVITY IN ORIENTAL TOBACCO GROWN UNDER
STATIONARY NON-FERTILIZING CONDITIONS
Anka Georgieva, Stefka
Kirkova
Abstract: Throughout his life, man is exposed to
different electromagnetic radiation. Some of these
radiations have the ability to ionize the atoms, Ionizing
radiation. Ionizing radiation determines the natural
radiation background of the surrounding environment.
Radioactive conversion is accompanied by the
emission of α- or β-particles or γ-radiation. Different rays
have different penetrating capabilities. This ability for
β-particles increases with their energy.
The radionuclides of
earthly origin are absorbed by plant roots and are included
in plant structures. From there, they continue along the
food chain. Apart from swallowing food and water,
radionuclides also fall into the human body by inhalation.
In
recent years, the WHO's work under the FCTC has revealed a
new theory that radionuclides in tobacco products are the
cause of diseases due to their consumption.
There is no evidence that it is generally
contained β-active radioisotopes in tobacco products are the
cause of various malignant, chronic and other diseases.
The purpose of our study was
to establish the total β-activity of the leaves from
individual harvesting belts in oriental tobacco grown under
stationary non-fertilizing conditions. Under the selected
growing conditions, the values for total β-activity of the
samples are the result of naturally occurring potassium. The
resulting tobacco raw material is not
radiation-contaminated.
Keywords: tobacco, total β-activity, ionizing radiation
Maria Dimitrova, Plamen Trenchev,
Deyan Gochev
Abstract: In this work is presented registering
sandstorms from the Sahara that stretch thousands of miles
above the Aegean Sea and in many cases reach Bulgaria. We
examine the period from the beginning of 2012 until now. For
sources of information we select the data from the sensors
MODIS (satellites Terra and Aqua) and GOME-2 (satellites
METOP A and METOP B) and OMI (satellite AQUA). We use two
methods for registering the sand flow. The first uses images
in the visible range of the spectrum from MODIS with a
resolution of 250 m. The second uses data for aerosol
absorption index - AAI (optical thickness of the
atmosphere), obtained from meteorological satellites data
with a resolution of 40 km. It was found that sand flows
into the atmosphere over the Aegean aimed at the territory
of Bulgaria are mostly seen in the spring months and not
less than 20 days each year. In many cases they reach the
airspace over the country and muddy rains are observed. We
discussed the ecological importance of this phenomenon,
which is expressed on the one hand in increasing cloudiness
due to condensation of water vapor around the sand particles
and - on the other - a distant transmission elements in the
atmosphere, and hence on the ground.
Key words: aerosols, atmospheric pollution, remote sensing,
ecology, questionnaires, recreation, attractions,
respondents
THE USE OF RADAR IMAGES IN A
RESEARCH OF THE WORK OF INSTALATIONS FOR ARTIFICIAL
INFLUENCE ON THE GEOSPHERE
Deyan Gotchev, Roumen
Nedkov, Maria Dimitrova
Abstract: Data (~200 images, for some
of the installations are with dual polarization) for an
interval from 01.01.2015 till 15.03.2017 are received from
the SAR on board the Sentinel- 1A and 1B satellites, part of
the ESA “Copernicus” program. Three installations for
artificial heating of the ionosphere by radio-waves in the
Northern Hemisphere (2 – in the aurora oval, 1 – in
mid-latitude) are observed. Independent from the season and
geomagnetic activity, three different images’ types for each
of the three installations are detected, which we suppose to
depend on the antenna fields’ different work regimes. There
are studied cases of simultaneous work of both installations
in the aurora oval. Some cases suggest a possible connection
between the work of all the 3 installations. Some of the
results could be used for a research of some cases of
abnormal phenomena, which not caused by natural
solar-terrestrial interactions. The effects of a combined
simultaneous activity from both the ground installation
modulating signal and that from the satellite SAR are of
important interest too.
Key words: ionospheric heater, SAR, Sentinel- 1A, Sentinel- 1B
Metodi Mladenov, Spaska
Yaneva, Desislava Kolchakova
Abstract: Soil contamination with heavy metals is one
among most serious problems for protection of soils and
preservation of possibility for suitable for consumption
crop production. In current article the results from done
experiments with Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) for assimilation of heavy metals from contaminated
soils for decreasing of their concentration on soil are
described. It was established the possibility for growth on
Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium in contaminated with heavy metals
soil, and its cultivation in soils substratum with calcium
sulphate and coffee lees. Obtained data show selective
assimilation of elements Cu, Zn, Ni, Al, Bi, Mn and
Fe.
Svetlana Zhivkova,
Milen Bogdanov
Abstract:A huge number of compounds found in nature are
organic acids. When they are produced microbiologically it
is necessary for the end product to be removed so as to
reduce the product inhibition. They are also discharged as
the result of various industries where it is advisable that
they should be extracted and utilized. In this process
traditional molecular extractants are not normally used on
their own. In most cases they are diluted with a variety of
toxic, inflammable and explosive organic diluents. In the
last decade aqueous
two-phase systems (ATPS) based on ionic
liquids (IL) have been successfully implemented in a wide
range of extraction and separation processes. The interest
in them rests on the fact they can be used both on their
own as extractants and as alternative substitutes for
volatile diluents, for which reason they have been named
“green” solvents. The aim of this research is to survey the
quantitative characteristics of some organic acid extraction
processes in utilizing classic molecular extractants and ionic liquids, as
well as to demonstrate the long-term expediency of using ionic liquids when
removed from fermentation environments or waste waters.
Tsvetomila
Parvanova-Mancheva, Evgenia Vasileva, Venko Beschkov
Abstract: Contamination of water
sources with nitrates can happen in several ways. Much of
the research indicated that the main pollution sources of
groundwater with nitrates due to the non-productive
agricultural sources. The increasing use throughout
the world fertilizer in agriculture is the cause of
pollution by nitrates. The Nitrate ions penetrate through
the soil and for that reason fall in the groundwater. Waste
water from households, industry, animal farms are another
way for contamination of surface water with
nitrates.Flexible elimination of nitrates in drinking water
or wastewater treatment can be performed efficiently by
traditional methods for this purpose is available
bio-electrochemical method.
The review of the
literature illustrates the effect of the electric current
and the design of the reactor on the reduction of nitrate. There is a possibility for new
research and application of bio-electrochemical method. For
example, one can focus the studies on the material from
which to produce the electrodes and form, means for
increasing the active surface of the cathode and the
construction of bio-electrochemical reactors, as well as the
detection of dependencies and mathematical models for
simulation and optimization.
V. V. Scorina, F.B.
Mousaev, Vit. V. Scorina,
Abstract: It has been shown that the use of traditional
methods of selection and seed production in the cultivation
of varieties through adaptation and breeding is ineffective
without the application of ecological selection methods. The
environmental assessment as a background for selection by
adaptation is possible by using different types of
variability: seasonal, ecological-geographic and their
combination in the course of study. Of great importance in the
creation of new varieties of fruit crops with the
application of the ecological geographic factor is the
scientifically substantiated selection of the starting
material, its variety and characteristics in different
cultivation conditions.Studies have been carried
out for many years to identify the most favorable natural
areas for seed production, to speed up the selection and to
create new varieties with high productivity and
environmental stability. Environmental parameters are
defined as a background for selection of genotypes.The
article analyzes the results of the assessment of different
varieties of fruit crops, having adaptive capacity and
ecological stability. The
starting material of the crops was studied in different
ecological and geographical areas. The optimal areas for
seed production have been identified. New varieties of
fruit crops have been created and submitted for
registration in the Belarusian State Register.
Keywords: variety, culture,
ecological environment, background, productivity,
adaptability, typicalness.
POTENTIAL OF
MOISTURE UNDER THE PHASE TRANSITION OF THE SOIL
SOLUTION IN SOD-NON-FERTILE SOIL
H.A. Muromcev, U.A.
Magajskii, K.B. Anisimov, H.A. Semenov, T.M. Guseva
Abstract: new fact of abrupt intermittent augmentation
of moisture potential during transition of soil temperature
from positive values to negative ones through zero is
established. The process is going under the conditions of
phase transition of soil solution in case of stable state of
all other environment characteristics except soil
temperature. Dropping of moisture potential (in constant
humidity) upon conditions of temperature rising is explained
by augmentation of agility and activity of moisture ions.
Drop of temperature stipulates augmentation of the potential
due to decrease of agility and activity of water ions. Daily
changes of soil temperature and soil moisture potential are
insignificant and range within 0.1– 1.9 °Ñ and 2– 3
kPa respectively.
Simeon
Bogdanov, Vladimir Ilinkin, Antonia Goleva
Abstract. The paper presents results
from investigation on soils of class Chernozems (FAO, 2006)
located in the Ludogorie region. They are situated in the
Lower forest vegetation zone (0 – 600 m a.s.l.) of the
Moesian forest vegetation area. Soil samples have been taken
from three soil profiles. The factors of soil formation have
been characterized. Soil physical and chemical properties
have been investigated. The results are processed by
statistical programme. The arithmetical averages (M) and
variation coefficients (Cv%) have been
calculated. The data obtained from soil analyses show
suitable conditions for agricultural and forestry activities
as well as lack of prerequisites for soil degradation.
Key words:
chernozems, factors of soil formation, physical properties