I. Human and biosphere
Contemporary
landscapes and their anthropo¬genic stage in part of the
upper lom river basin, mapped by GIS on the base of GPS,
satellite and ground data
Zornitza Cholakova,
Daniela Avetisyan, Ekaterina Ivanova, Roumen Nedkov
4-12
Small and medium
enterprises and the environment
Nesho Chipev, Sonya
Petkova, Georgi Raichevski, Êostadin
Kostadinov
13-18
Meausures taken
to protect local ecosystem while development of power
plants in the Czorsztyn-Nidzica area
Franciszek
Switala
19-23
II. Technologies for
depolution
Surface active
compounds: structure, properties and role in
bioremediation
Anna Sotirova, Irina
Lazarkevich, Danka
Galabova
24-34
Seasonal effect
on biodegradation of dairy effluent by free and
immobilized bacterial cells
S.Chaman,
A.Bhardwaj
35-39
Establishment of
the effect of digestate produced in anaerobic degestion of
mixture of pig manure and wasted fruits and vegetables
Elena Zlatareva, Svetla
Marinova, Rositca Toncheva, Vera Petrova, Snezanka
Mihailova
40-44
III. Bioinformatics and
bioautomatics
A mathematical
study of the impact of methanogenic and hydrogenotrophic
steps on biomethane production from organic wastes
Ivan Simeonov, Alexander
Kroumov
45-51
IV. Renewable energy
sources and biofuels
Inertia
influence on mppt operation of a wind turbine with doubly
fed induction generator
Vladimir Lazarov, Zahari
Zarkov, Ludmil
Stoyanov
52-58
Intensification
of bioethanol manufacturing and its impact on
environmental
Anton Stoyanov, Kantcho
Lahtchev
59-68
V. Scientific forums
Third congress of
virosology (Days of virosology in Bulgaria), Stefan
Angeloff institute of microbio¬logy – BAS, 25-27 October
2012
69-70
VI. Jubilee
Acad. Yachko Ivanov at
the age of 80
71-72
CONTEMPORARY LANDSCAPES AND THEIR ANTHROPOGENIC STAGE IN PART OF THE UPPER LOM RIVER BASIN, MAPPED BY GIS ON THE BASE OF GPS, SATELLITE AND GROUND DATA
Zornitza Cholakova, Daniela Avetisyan, Ekaterina Ivanova, Roumen Nedkov
Nesho Chipev, Sonya Petkova, Georgi Raichevski, Êostadin Kostadinov
Summary:.
Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) can play a key role in
the economics of most countries. EUROSTAT registered roughly
20 million SMEs, corresponding to 99.8% of all enterprises
in Europe employing almost 70% of the European workforce and
producing close to 60% of the overall turnover from
manufacturing and services. In Bulgaria more than 98% of all
enterprises are SMES. They can have a significant cumulative
effect of the environment via their activities, product and
services. Reducing the environmental impact is a challenge
to SMEs all over Europe. Surveys showed that SMEs are not
mass-engaged in environmental management. The relationships
and environmental problems of Bulgarian SMEs in the sectors
Metal Production, Surface Treatment, Chemical Industry,
Electric and Electronic Components, and Textile Industry
were studied using the inquiry approach. Regional
Inspectorates for Environment and Waters (RIEW) were asked
to provide information on the environmental performance of
controlled by them SMEs in the sectors studied. Analyzing
the results was found that 33.3% of them had a person
responsible for environmental matters who was staff
member. Most SMEs declared that they had some form of
environmental policy (77.8%) and another 11% were willing to
develop such policy. None of the interviewed SMEs had
introduced Environmental Management System. However, some
44.4% were recognizing the need to establish one. The
main conclusion from analyzes of information and data on
Bulgarian SMEs from the five sectors studied was that the
main problems in their environmental performance were
related to documentation operation and reporting
obligations. Another concern determined is referring to the
lack of adequate information and knowledge according to many
interviewees. Environmental Management System (EMS) is
almost not applied at all by SMEs. It is a burdensome
process for SMEs to apply EMS. One of the reasons for not
applying EMS could be that it has no economic effect and no
reduction in the operating costs at the present time.
Key words: SME,
environmental policy, chemical industry, textile, metal
production, surface treatment, electric and electronic
components, Environmental Management Systems.
Franciszek Switala
Abstract:
Paper presents the methodology chosen for development of
Czorsztyn-Nidzica pumped storage power plants. Methodology
complied with the environmental requirements raised by the
proximity of national park. Dunajec river, which is
the base for the project, is a mountain river with high
energy potential. Its flooding potential is mostly noted in
the lower situated areas. Water quality in the Dunajec river
is ranked 1st class regarding its purity. Development of
power plants secured lower situated areas from flooding and
created an energy production potential of 158 428 MWh, out
of which 7 885 MWh is obtained from Nidzica power plant.
Keywords:
Czorsztyn-Nidzica, power plant, environment protection,
ecosystem
Anna Sotirova, Irina Lazarkevich, Danka Galabova
Abstract: Environmental
pollution with low soluble organic compounds is a problem
that enlarged considerably in the recent years. Industry
contributes various kinds of contamination. The pollution
with organic compounds is of great concern especially
because of their toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects
on the living organisms. Conventional methods to remove,
reduce, or mitigate toxic substances are not effective.
Bioremediation is a natural process which relies on
bacteria, fungi, and plants to alter contaminants as these
organisms carry out their normal life functions. Metabolic
processes of these organisms are capable of using chemical
contaminants as an energy source, rendering the contaminants
harmless or less toxic products in most cases. The low
solubility of aliphatic and polycyclic hydrocarbons
significantly decreases their availability for microbial
cells. Many studies demonstrate that use of surface-active
compounds, most known as surfactants, is a promising
approach to promote changes in the cell surface
properties. Many surface active compounds are able to
interact with the cell surface interrupting its integrity in
a way to increase its permeability to low soluble compounds
as hydrocarbons. The surfactants are amphiphilic molecules
and their specific chemical structure induces special
features. The surfactants tend to increase the hydrocarbon
solubility by lowering the interfacial tension between the
water phase and the hydrocarbons. The critical micelle
concentration (CMC) is a basic characteristic of the
surfactants. Under CMC they are in monomeric state and the
monomers tend to interact directly with the microbial cells
and with the hydrocarbons. Above CMC they form structures
called micelles by which the surfactants actively
sollubilize the hydrocarbons and thus increase their
bioavailability. Chemically synthesized surfactants are
broadly used in the industry and for domestic purposes, as
well as in the scientific research. Recently of special
interest are the microbial surfactants (biosurfactants).
They have several advantages over chemical surfactants such
as lower toxicity, higher biodegradability and structural
diversity.
Keywords: surfactants,
biosurfactants, bioremediation, microbial cells.
SEASONAL EFFECT ON BIODEGRADATION OF DAIRY EFFLUENT BY FREE AND IMMOBILIZED BACTERIAL CELLS
S.Chaman and A.Bhardwaj
Abstract:
The limitations in the physico-chemical methods make the
biological methods favorable alternatives for the removal of
pollutants from the industrial effluents. In the present
study 9 bacterial strains were isolated from dairy effluent
collected from Verka Milk Plant Mohali in two different
seasons. Strains A3 and A11were identified as Pseudomonas
sp. and Bacillus sp. through morphological and biochemical
tests. Preliminary experiments with all 9 strains were
carried out, using free and immobilized cells. Highest COD
(39.18% and 28.17%) and BOD reduction (40.54% and 58.33%)
were obtained by two isolates, A3 and A11 respectively (The
initial COD concentration was 177.6 mg/l and 185.6 mg/l and
reduced to 108 mg/l and 133.3 mg/l and the initial BOD
concentration was 37 mg/l and 39.6 mg/l and reduced to 22
mg/l and 16.5 mg/l). The electrical conductivity, salinity
were found to increased to a considerable extent by A11 and
A3 while total dissolved solids were found to decreased to a
considerable extent by A3 and increased by A11. Maximum
reduction was observed from bacterial isolate of November as
compared to August due to the seasonal effect.
Key words: biodegradation,
dairy effluent, immobilized cells, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus
sp.
Elena Zlatareva, Svetla Marinova, Rositca Toncheva, Vera Petrova, Snezanka Mihailova
Abstract:
Production of large amounts of wastes threatens the
environment. The effort for their management and usage is
part of searching for a way for reduction of pollution and
mitigate the climate change. The interest in biogas
production from organic waste is great. Usage of biogas
replaces natural sources for energy production. This reduces
emissions of CO2, CH4, NO2 and contributes to reduction of
global warming. The secondary biomass (digestate) represents
a valuable fertilizer, which is rich in nitrogen,
phosphorus, potassium and micro elements and can be used in
agricultural practices as organic reserve.
The aim of present study is to determine the effect of
digestate derived from model installation for biogas
production with addition of pig manure and waste from
markets as a feedstock in greenhouse experiments.
Different percentage participation (5, 15, 25 and 35 %) of
digestate from the weight of soil is tested. The experiments
are conducted on two different soil types – Fluvisols and
Vertisols. The test indicator is winter barley crop. The
results show that barley has the best growth and quality in
the variant with 25 % digestate.
Key words: bioslàme,
biogas, greenhouse experiments, barley.
A MATHEMATICAL STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF METHANOGENIC AND HYDROGENOTROPHIC STEPS ON BIOMETHANE PRODUCTION FROM ORGANIC WASTES
Ivan Simeonov, Alexander Kroumov
Vladimir Lazarov, Zahari Zarkov, Ludmil Stoyanov
Abstract:
This paper presents a study on the influence of the
mechanical inertia on the maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) control of a wind turbine with a doubly fed induction
generator. The models of system elements are presented and
the control systems functions are described. The realized
Matlab model is validated with experimental bench with a
dSPACE microprocessor system. The inertia moment influence
is studied by different simulation, illustrated by different
figures of the system variables and we conclude that the
construction realization has to provide a compromise between
the MPPT control stability and the influence on the
electrical grid.
Keywords: Wind
generator, maximum power point tracking, inertia influence
INTENSIFICATION OF BIOETHANOL MANUFACTURING AND ITS IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENTAL
Anton Stoyanov and Kantcho Lahtchev