H. Najdenski
3-4
S.
Engibarov, I. Lazarkevich,
S. Mitova, R. Eneva,
Y. Gocheva, E. Vacheva, S. Popova, N.
Stanchev, Y. Ilieva
5-14
Construction
of electrical
infrastructure near the habitats of protected bird
species – Part III. Methodological guidelines
for measures aiming
minimal environmental impact
G.
Stoilov, N.
Nikolov, D.
Stoilov
15-28
II. TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEPOLLUTION
S.
Marinova 29-36
Oxidation
of 1,5 - polyenes
with nitric acid asa model for waste rubber
vulcanizates utilization
M.
Dimov, V. Hubenov 37-43
III. SPACE
TECHNOLOGY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Assessment of
post-fire
ecological impacts using remote sensing methods: A
review
N.
Stankova
44-51
Study on flight of the summer and winter
form of pine processionary moth
G. Zaemdzhikova 52-60
Analysis of soil resources in the Eastern
Balkan mountains foothill
S. Bogdanov, P. Pavlov 61-68
Changes in silvicultural properties of soils
influenced by forest fires
in Bulgaria
S. Bogdanov 69-76
V.
RENEWABLE AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES
AND BIOFUELS
Biogas and
biogas technologies. Part 2. Bioreactors and biogas
plants
I. Simeonov
77-96
VI. RADIATION ECOLOGY
Radiation monitoring
of the
environment at INRNE – BAS for the period 2019 - 2022
V.
Variyska, D. Tonev, H.
Protochristov
97-102
VII. SCIENTIFIC FORUMS
12th International Conference of the International
Society
for Ecological Engineering (2023 IEES
International
Conference)
1-6
October
2023, Chania, Crete, Greece
103-106
Eighth International Conference Ecological Engineering
and Environment
Protection (EEEP'2024) with Youth Scientific Session
6-9
Junå 2024, Velingrad,
Bulgaria
107-108
ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY AND ENZYMES – POTENTIAL VIRULENCE FACTORS IN OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM THE CLOACAL MICROFLORA OF LIZARDS (SAURIA, REPTILIA)
S.
Engibarov, I. Lazarkevich, S. Mitova, R. Eneva, Y.
Gocheva, E. Vacheva, S. Popova, N. Stanchev, Y. Ilieva
Abstract:
The detection of pathogens that could be transmitted from animals to humans and pose a potential health risk is a matter of increasing importance. Reptiles are known to be asymptomatic carriers of various zoonotic pathogens. We isolated and identified 24
opportunistic bacteria from the cloacal microflora
of five lizard
species, belonging to Lacertidae, Scincidae and Anguidae families.
Their antibiotic susceptibility and enzyme
production (sialidase, sialate aldolase, protease, lipase, hyaluronidase, gelatinase) as virulence factors were evaluated. The majority of the isolates were
not resistant to most of the applied
antibiotics. We found limited extracellular enzyme production (proteases were detected
in 14, sialidase – in 3, lipase – in 2 and
gelatinase – in 4 isolates). One isolate - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
indicated a relatively high pathogenic potential.
The limited production of enzymes that could play
role in pathogenesis, and the antibiotic susceptibility of most isolates, suggest a relatively
low health hazard. However, their opportunistic character should be kept in mind in close contact with reptiles because of a potential risk of infection.
Keywords: virulence factors, sialidase, protease, lipase, gelatinase, antibiotic susceptibility, reptiles, cloacal microflora
G. Stoilov, N. Nikolov, D.
Stoilov
PRACTICAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR SLUDGES MANAGEMENT FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA
S. Marinova
Abstract. The article provides information on the sludge, obtained during the biological treatment of wastewater. Sludge is an ecological problem, as it accumulates in the area of the stations, hinders their functioning and pollutes the natural environment. The sludges are also an organic reserve, in connection with the lack of organic fertilizers in our country and disturbed balance of organic matter in the Bulgarian soils. Numerous studies have established that sludges are bomass, rich in macro and microelements and organic matter. The practical rules and guidelines for sludge management in Bulgaria are indicated. The issues of legislation and normative documents, which determine the requirements for the utilization of sludge in practice, were considered, sampling, the influence of sludge in the soil, etc. The possibilities for the utilization of the sludge - in agriculture, for re-cultivation of disturbed and poorly productive terrains, for composting, for the production of biogas, etc. are indicated. The emphasis is mainly on the use of sludge in agricultural practice as a soil improver, and a list of the necessary documents for issuing permits for their use in agricultural practice is presented.
OXIDATION OF 1,5 - POLYENES WITH NITRIC ACID AS A MODEL FOR WASTE RUBBER VULCANIZATES UTILIZATION
M. Dimov, V.
Hubenov
Abstract: In the
present work, the possibility of reusing standard fresh
polymers (natural, synthetic isoprene, butadiene,
butadiene-styrene and chloroprene rubber) and waste
vulcanizates, through their oxidation with nitric acid, is
considered. Oxidation of cis-1,4-isoprene, chloroprene and
butadiene rubber gives main products: polyfunctional
oligomer (PFO) and oxalic acid, and vulcanization –
oligomer, oxalic acid and carbon black. Oxalic acid has
the highest yield in the oxidation of cis-1,4-isoprene,
cis-1,4-chloroprene rubber and waste vulcanizate. The
yield of oxalic acid is affected by the amount of nitric
acid used, temperature and reaction time. It has been
proven that the succinic acid formed as a result of
oxidative destruction turns into oxalic acid.
Keywords: waste
vulcanizates, oxidation, polyfunctional oligomers, oxalic
acid
STUDY ON FLIGHT OF THE SUMMER AND WINTER FORM OF PINE PROCESSIONARY MOTH
G. Zaemdzhikova
Àbstract. In present work, the flight dynamic of the summer and winter form of Thaumetopoea pityocampa was studied. The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions (room temperature and natural lighting). A bimodal and even a trimodal distribution of flight over time with multiple peaks has been found. Our preliminary results show a lack of dependence of multimodal flight distribution with temperature fluctuations in the study area. The statement, that the flight of the winter form begins around the date of the summer solstice (21.06.2021) is confirmed, and their flight period coincides with the hottest time of the year (June and July). Conversely, the flight of the summer form begins a month earlier (May-June) and precedes the hottest time of the year. No relationship was found between the time of peak flight and the length of the flight period. On the other hand, a relationship between the time of their occurrence and the culmination of local temperatures has been established.
Abstract. The
existence and the natural ecologic functioning of the
forests depends on the natural and anthropogenic
forest fires. They are an important disturbance in the
forest ecosystems affecting not only the vegetation
and soil, but all environmental aspects. Mostly
affected are young stands located in the Lower
forestry zone where there is a lack of conditions for
successful natural restoration. In most cases this
leads to human impact for supporting the restoration
of the affected areas through artificial afforestation
that is connected with extensive research on the
soil’s silvicultural properties. The paper presents an overview of the changes in the
silvicultural properties of the soils influenced by
forest fires in Bulgaria. It was found that soils with more nutrients
and clay, and greater biogenicity are more resistant
to fire impact and recover their silvicultural
properties faster. The indicators that most accurately show the
impact of forest fires on soils are the changes in the
content of total C, total N and mobile forms of Ca, pH
and soil texture. These indicators reflect the power of the
impact of fire, and their values are consistent with
visible signs adopted to categorize the fires
according to their impact on forest stands.
BIOGAS
AND BIOGAS TECHNOLOGIES. Part 2.
BIOREACTORS AND BIOGAS PLANTS
I. Simeonov
Abstract. This article presents
the main components of biogas plants - anaerobic
bioreactors (with various auxiliary means for heating,
stirring, burning excess biogas, etc.), devices for
storing (methantanks)
and
purifying biogas, tanks for digestate, etc. Attention
is paid to the preparation and storage of the raw
materials for AD and the devices for their feeding into
the bioreactors. A brief review of the different types of
existing anaerobic bioreactors and the prospects for the
development of new types of such is Mazda.
Keywords: biogas plants,
anaerobic bioreactors, methanåtanks,
substrates pretreatment, biogas purification, digestate storage
Abstract. The results of measuring the gamma background on the territory of the Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences for the period 2019-2022, including the beginning of military operations in the area of the Chernobyl and Zaporizhia NPPs in Ukraine, are presented.
As a result of the processing of the received data and the prepared analysis for the measured level of radioactivity was made reasoned conclusion that as a result of the military actions in Ukraine wasn`t established increase in the level of radioactivity on the territory of Bulgaria.
Keywords: radiation monitoring, gamma background, INRNE, war in Ukraine