Ecological Engineering and Environment Protection

Abstract: In recent years, are built and entered into operation a large number Wastewater plant treatment station (WWTP). During the biological purification the obtained products are purified water and sludge. Sludge accumulates around stations hamper their functioning and pollute the environment. In connection with EU requirements is necessary to seek ways to implement them in practice. Use of sludge in practice must be consistent and meet certain regulations.

Keywords: sludge, recovery, utilization, legislation

CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF SLUDGE FROM WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANTS STARA ZAGORA, KAZANLAK, RADNEVO AND PAVEL BANYA

Svetla Marinova Elena Zlatareva, Vera Petrova

Abstract: A study for characterization and assessment of sewage sludge in Stara Zagora, Kazanlak, Radnevo and Pavel Banya, as required by law. Analyses were performed in accredited laboratories, using European and national methods. It was found, that the sludge is a biomass-rich food macro and micro elements and can be used in agriculture. The chromium values in sludge from Kazanlak, limiting its use. Sludge does not meet the requirements of legislation containing microbiological indicators - not occurred decontamination. Clostridium perfringens values are above the maximum set out in the legislation. The sludge contains no viable eggs of nematode type. We recommend sludge to stabilize and decontaminated prior to their use in agricultural practice. This may be achieved by standing overs for 12-14 months, without the introduction of new lots. It can be used treatment with lime, biolayf, or other products, that will accelerate the processes of mineralization and disinfection of sludge and reduce the residence time prior to recovery. In the region of Stara Zagora Municipality has sufficient arable land, where it can recommend the use of sludge as fertilizer. Moreover, there are opportunities for use as a means of rehabilitation of damaged areas, landfills and others.

Keywords: sludge, biological treatment, decontamination.

METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF SEWAGE SLUDGE WITH LIME MATERIALS FOR RECOVERY IN PRACTICE

Svetla Marinova, Elena Zlatareva, Martin Banov, Vera Petrova

Abstract: To achieve the global goal of environmentally sustainable society in which organic material is successfully recycled back into arable land is extremely important to develop effective procedures for the treatment of sewage sludge. At the moment the majority of wastewater treatment plants in the country using lime as an effective means of decontamination of sludge, but not achieved the desired effect due to inaccurate determination of the rate of lime and residence time prior to recovery of sludge.The main goal of the study is to find possibilities to reduce the period of storage of the sludge by speeding up the processes of decontamination and deodorization using lime materials.

Keywords: sludge, lime, utilization, WWTP.

RECLAMATION THE DUMP FOR SOLID WASTE

Martin Banov, Svetla Marinova

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the condition of the dump for solid waste, located near the village of Yana and propose suitable technology for its recovery - reclamation.

To implement this objective are prepared geological, soil and climatic characteristics of the site.

A study of the materials constituting the dump has been done and was found that they are suitable for biological reclamation, which requires their cover by suitable geologic or soil material. On this occasion have been analyzed humus, soil and geological materials deposited near the dump for solid waste. It has been found that they are suitable on the physic-chemical characteristics to create a reclamation substrate which can be used to cover the surface of the dump.

The scheme of holding the reclamation activities is as follows:

1. Infill soil and geological materials on layer of 30 cm.

2. On the surface of the so prepared surface spreads enriched with organic matter /manure or sewage sludge/ layer of soil and geological materials /layer of soil and geological materials /reclamation substrate/ with depth of 0,20 m.

3. Grassing surface of the dump.

Keywords: reclamation, waste, dump, organic matter

ESTABLISH CHANGES IN THE SYSTEM “SOIL-FERTILIZER-PLANT” AS A RESULT OF FERTILIZATION WITH SLUDGE FROM WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT

Viktor Kolchakov, Vera Petrova, Elena Zlatareva, Svetla Marinova

Abstract: During biological cleaning of wastewater a large amount of sludge is obtained. The lack of sufficient organic fertilizers then, leads to the necessity for seeking other alternatives. Such reserve is sludge obtained during biological wastewater treatment. The sludge uses in agricultural practice required following the certain legislation.

The aim of the study is to establish the changes in system "soil-fertilizer-plant" as a result of fertilization with sludge. The study was conducted on Fluvisol - medium strong, light to medium sandy clay soil and medium to slightly leached cinnamon forest soils from Sofia region. The rate of application was calculated on the basis of imported nitrogen and was consistent with the characteristics of the sludge, soil diversity, growing crop requirements, and other factors. Before the introduction of sludge and after five years soil samples were analyzed to identify the changes occurring in the chemical and agrochemical properties. It was found that sludge from WWTP can be used as fertilizer without risk of soil contamination.

Key words: sludge, WWTP, fertilizer, soil

Comparative analysis of the effect of using two types of bioslime, as organist enhancer on the soil and plant production

Svetla Marinova, Cumhur Aydinalp, Elena Zlatareva, Vera Petrova

Abstract: Interest in biogas production from organic waste is growing more and more in recent years.For the production of biogas are suitable many waste materials from the food industry and agriculture and energy plants. Anaerobic digestion of waste is obtained secondary organic digeatate-biochlam. It is rich in macro and micronutrients and should seek its implementation in the agricultural practice.
The aim of the study is to establish the applicability of two types of bioslime-fertilizer and their influence on changes in the chemical and agrochemical properties of soil and plants in growing experiments. Up attempt with indicator alfalfa culture on two different soil types- Alluvial Meadow soiland HaplicVertisol /klas.FAO/.
It was found that both the type of soil to increase the dose of bioslime significantly increased for plants digestible phosphorus and potassium.Increases the amount of mineral nitrogen, this was at the expense of the nitrate form.The content of nutrients in plant tissue were higher in alfalfa developed on leached from vertisol Bojurishte with the use of both types of compost.
Keywords: compost,bioslime, growing experiments, alfalfa

RESEARCH AND CATEGORIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND ON THE GRAY FOREST SOILS IN MALINOVO VILLAGE LOVECH DISTRICT
Viktor Kolchakov

Abstract: Routine large scale soil survey of agricultural land in the village Malinovo, Lovech Municipality is done. The focus of this publication is placed on the most typical soils, which represent a substantial area of land. This, according to Bulgarian classification are Gray forest soils, gley, not to slight eroded and Gray forest soils, shallow, medium to strong eroded. Morphological description of soil sections of these soils is made. Taken soil samples are tested in laboratory and the results are shown in tables. Suitability (categories) of farmland for land use (according Bulgarian methodology) is established.

Key words: categorization, soli, classification, soil samples

THE SKOPJE FLOODS ON AUGUST 2016 – A SATELLITE DATA BASED ANALYSIS
Roumen Nedkov, Deyan Gotchev, Temenuzhka Spasova, Mariana Zaharinova

Abstract: In Skopje on 6 and 7 August 2016, an intensive rain resulted in floods which caused a disaster situation. We made an analysis of the causes and in order to minimise losses in the future we offer some lessons. The research of the satellite images before the phenomena clearly shows the generation and evolution of a new cyclone vortex, which should be a warning for a following torrent. The global changes in Nature sometimes unpredictably modulate the atmospheric activity especially for transitional phenomena. Due to these interconnections constant re-rationalisation and interdisciplinary study are needed.

Key words: weather forecast, flood, prevention, satellite data

CRITERIA FOR RELEVANCE OF SATELLITE DATA FROM DIFFERENT OPTICAL SOURCES FOR RESEARCH OF ECOLOGICAL PHENOMENA

Maria Dimitrova

Abstract: In the work we presented the criteria for using of satellite data to study the phenomena and processes of environmental. We described the phenomena that is appropriate to be tested with data from spectroradiometer MODIS, sensors onboard of satellites from series Landsat, as well as data from Sentinel 2. Тhe advantages and disadvantages of each of these sources of satellite data are цonsidered.

Keywords: satellite data, data choice, remote sensing

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