EEEP 3/2015
CONTENTS
Editor's comment
I. Simeonov
3-4
I. ×ÎÂÅÊ È ÁÈÎÑÔÅÐÀ
Lidar
detection of forest fire aerosols above
Atanaska D. Deleva
5-14
Anthropogenic
micro-detritus as a factor for cotemporary
forming of sediments
Anton Sotirov, Nikola Pistalov, Dana Mawlood,
Mihaela Yerusalimova, Siana Savova, Rositsa Vezenkova,
Melani Eftimova, Daniel Velinov, Denislav Kirilov
15-21
Spatial
and temporal distribution of floods
and fires on the
Maria Dimitrova, Roumen Nedkov
22-28
II. ËÅÑÎÁÈÎËÎÃÈß
Investigation on humus-carbonate soils in the Western Balcan
mountains foothill
Simeon Bogdanov, Slavcho Savev,
Evgeni Tzavkov
29-35
Ecologycal investigations and
protection of forest ecosystems in
Nadezhda Stoyanova,
Biljana Hristova
36-41
III. ÂÅÈ È ÁÈÎÃÎÐÈÂÀ
Microbial fuel cells with
denitrification system
Tsvetomila
I. Parvanova-Mancheva, Venko Beschkov, Evgenia Vasileva
42-46
Comparative
study of photovoltaic systems with different types
of modules
Zahari
Zarkov, Ludmil Stoyanov, Hristiyan Kanchev, Valentin
Milenov, Vladimir Lazarov
47-56
IV. ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈÈ ÇÀ ÏÐÅ×ÈÑÒÂÀÍÅ
Svetla Marinova, Nikola Katidjotes,Viktor Kolchakov, Elena Zlatareva,Vera Petrova
57-63
Influence of C/N ratio on
anaerobic digestion of cattle manure
Venelin
Hubenov, Dencho Denchev, Ivan Simeonov
64-72
Atanaska
D. Deleva
Abstract. Experimental results from remote investigations
of atmospheric aerosol loading over
Key words: lidar,
aerosols, fire smoke, troposphere
Anton
Sotirov, Nikola Pistalov, Dana Mawlood, Mihaela Yerusalimova,
Siana Savova, Rositsa Vezenkova, Melani Eftimova, Daniel
Velinov, Denislav Kirilov
Abstract.
Aim of the present study is to focus attention on solid
anthropologic waste as a factor for cotemporary forming of
sediments and soils. As a result of the study various solid
micro-detritus was found in river sediment and alluvial soils
at place of a former illegal landfill in town of
Key words:
anthropogenic micro-detritus and fragments, soils, sediments,
contamination
Maria Dimitrova,
Roumen Nedkov
Abstract: In
this paper we present spatial and temporal distribution of
significant floods, land and forest fires on the
Key words:
eco monitoring, floods, land and forest fires.
Simeon Bogdanov,
Slavcho Savev, Evgeni Tzavkov
Abstract. The paper presents results from
investigation on soils located in the southern area of the
Key words: humus-carbonate soils, factors of
soil formation, physical properties, chemical properties
Nadezhda Stoyanova,
Biljana Hristova
Abstract: The article presents the main
research activity of the Forest Research Institute at BAS on ecolgy and conservation of forest ecosystems
in Vitosha Mountain since 1980. This study
is motivated by the importance of Vitosha
forests for
environmental improvement of Sofia region.
The short review
shows that investigations at the Forest
Research Institute covers various
aspects in the
field of ecology and biology of the
forests. Climatic conditions are characterized. Data of health state of forest ecosystems are established. The
study obtained information about soil conditions
and regeneration
processes in the forests. The results
may be useful for
the sustainable management of forest ecosystems of Vitosha
Mountain.
Key words: ecology, climate,
forest ecosystems, state
Tsvetomila
I. Parvanova-Mancheva, Venko Beschkov, Evgenia Vasileva
Abstract.
Microbial fuel cells (MFC) offer a novel approach in the field
of wastewater treatment, which can generate electricity
through degradation of the substrates containing
nitrates.
Nitrate and
nitrite have been a worldwide groundwater contaminant mainly
due to the use of fertilizers, industrial wastes, animal
wastes and septic systems. High concentrations of nitrate and
nitrite in drinking water can cause several health problems
such as ‘‘blue baby syndrome’’ for infants, and also can lead
to liver damage and cancer in adults.
Microbial
production of electricity may become an important form of
bioenergy in future because MFCs offer the possibility of
extracting electric current from a wide range of soluble or
dissolved complex organic wastes and renewable biomass.
Microbial
fuel cells (MFCs) have emerged in recent years as a promising
yet challenging technology.
Key words: Microbial fuel cells (MFC), biosensor, wastewater
treatment
COMPARATIVE
STUDY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF
MODULES
Zahari
Zarkov, Ludmil Stoyanov, Hristiyan Kanchev, Valentin Milenov,
Vladimir Lazarov
Abstract: The purpose of
the work is to compare the characteristics of photovoltaic
(PV) generators built with panels manufactured by different
technologies and operating in real conditions. The paper shows
results from an experimental study of PV systems with
different module types (mono-Si, poly-Si,
μc-Si,
CIGS and CdTe). The experiment was carried out at a research
platform for PV systems developed by the authors, built and
located at an experimental site near the Technical University
of Sofia. Comparisons are made between the performances of the
studied PV generators for the same operating conditions. Some
differences of the operation of the PV systems in sun tracking
mode and in fixed angle mode are also shown.
Keywords:
PV systems, photovoltaic modules, comparison
CHARACTERISTICS AND EVALUATION OF THE sludge FROM Wastewater
plant treatment station Kazanlak FOR USE IN PRACTICE
Abstract: In recent years, are
built and entered into
operation a large number Wastewater plant treatment station
(WWTP). In biological purification, purified
water and sludge. Sludge accumulate around stations hamper their functioning
and pollute the environment. In connection with EU requirements is
necessary to seek ways to implement them in practice. An analysis and assessment of sludge
in pulification station
in Kazanlak, after storage
, as required by the
law - are studied
chemical, agrochemical and microbiological parameters.The
results establish that the sludges are
biomass, rich in macro
and micro- elements and can be used in
practice.The problem is the microbiological indicators that do
not meet the requirements of the legislation.
It is
necessary seek ways and methods for decontamination and sludge
stabilization before
to utilization.
Keywords: sludge,
recovery, characterization.
INFLUENCE OF C/N RATIO ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF CATTLE MANURE
V. Hubenov, D. Denchev, I. Simeonov
Abstract. One
of the most important factors in the process of anaerobic
digestion (AD) is
the C/N ratio in the substrate. If it is too high, the
nitrogen reduction will be a process-limiting factor. At too
low levels a large quantity of NH3 will be formed,
which is toxic for the microbial populations. Despite lots of
examinations, the exact value of this ratio is still
undetermined.
The
aim of this study is to elucidate the influence of the C/N
ratio on the metabolites, enzyme activity and biogas
production during the anaerobic degradation of cattle manure.
The
variations in the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration,
the activity of the enzymes - cellulases, proteases, lipases
and amylases, as well as the biogas production were studied in
a batch process at 35ºC during 14 days. The
initial
C/N
ratio
was
15:1, 20:1, 25:1 and
30:1.
The
VFAs formation during the AD of cattle manure increased with
changing the C/N ratio up to 25:1. The maximum concentration
of these metabolites was 46 mg/L on day 7 from the beginning
of cultivation. This value was 38 mg/L at the C/N ratio of
30:1. The produced biogas quantity was proportional to the C/N
ratio and maximum also at 25:1. The rate of inclusion of VFAs
in biogas production increased
continuously during the process and after 7 days it superseded
the rate of VFAs formation from the substrate. As a result,
their quantity in the bioreactor decreased. The activity of
all studied enzymes was highest at the ratio of 25:1. The
cellulases and amylases participate most actively in the
substrate degradation.
The
process of AD of cattle manure with biogas production runs
with the highest rate at the initial C/N ratio of 25:1
ensuring an optimal quantity of metabolites and specific
enzyme activity values reflecting the assimilation of
cellulose, monosaccharides, proteins and lipids from the
substrate.
Key words: anaerobic
digestion, biogas, carbon/nitrogen ratio, cattle manure