H. Najdenski
3-4
Silicium – the element of plant and
human health
I. Atanassova, Z. Petkova, A.
Sadovski
5-12
G.
Stoilov, N. Nikolov, D. Stoilov
13-28
II.
RENEWABLE AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES
AND BIOFUELS
Biogas and biogas
technologies. Part 1. Introduction and
state of the art
I.
Simeonov
29-44
III.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND BIOLOGY
Soils in
natural
coniferous forests in Bulgaria
S.
Bogdanov 45-55
Assessment of soil
fertility in
aronia (Aronia
Melanocarpa) growing
in forest areas
S.
Savev, S.
Bogdanov 56-62
Forest
plantation influence on silvicultural properties of
soils affected by forest
fires
S.
Bogdanov
63-67
IV.
ECOLOGICAL AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
To
the issue of agroecological zoning of Bulgaria
M.
Ivanova, A.
Sadovski
68-76
A
setup for filling of HPGe detector dewars
N. Petrov, N. Gutev, H. Protohristov, S. Genchev, N. Lakov, D. Tonev
77-81
VI. JUBILEES
50
years Bulgaria space country
T.
Ivanova 82-88
25th anniversary of the
National Society for Environmental Engineering and
Environmental Protection
89-92
Louis Pasteur – life and
scientific work devoted to humanity (dedicated to the
200th anniversary of his
birth)
H.
Najdenski
93-104
Prof. Alexander Sadovski at
the
age of 85
105-106
VII.
SCIENTIFIC FORUMS
MELiSSA
Summer University
16-20
May 2022,
Sofia 107-108
Current and future ways
to closed life support systems – MELiSSA Foundation and
European Space Agency Conference
109-110
VII.
NEW BOOKS
Challenges for Circular Economy & Sustainable Living in Space and on Earth (EIC/ESA White Paper) 110-118
SILICIUM – THE ELEMENT OF
PLANT AND HUMAN HEALTH
Irena Atanassova¹,
Zdravka Petkova¹, Alexander Sadovski²
¹ ISSATPP
"N. Poushkarov"
² IEAS/EUROPE
Abstract: The
article presents a new view of the element silicon
(Si) as important for plant and human health. It is
the second most abundant element in the earth after
oxygen. Until
now, it has been considered a "non-useful plant
nutrient", but its absence in the soil leads to the
death of plants. Based
on field fertilizer experiments with nitrogen,
phosphorus, potassium and silicon derived with maize
on two contrasting soils in Bozhurishte and
Tsalapitsa, and laboratory analyzes of soluble and
exchangeable silicon in soils, it is concluded that
silicon is an important factor related to maximum
productivity and
the resistance of plants to adverse environmental
factors. A
review of extensive literature testifies to the
importance of silicon to human health and its normal
content in the human body is the natural key to
full-fledged health. Silicon
compounds have been found to be able to inhibit the
development of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease
and block aluminum toxicity. The
need for agrochemical analysis of silicon in the soil
along with other essential nutrients is emphasized.
Keywords: silicon, field experiment, agrochemical
analysis, health, Alzheimer's disease.
Georgy Stoilov¹, Nikola Nikolov², Dimo Stoilov²˒³
¹ Energy consultant
² Technical University of Sofia
Abstract: The article is the second one in
a series dedicated to the problems on building and
securing electrical
infrastructure near the habitats of protected bird
species. This second article
outlines the existing practices and regulations
regarding the operation,
construction and improvement of electrical networks
from point of view of the
protection of large bird species and their habitats.
An analysis of these
practices and regulations is performed, and possible
measures for their
improvement are proposed. Gaps have
been identified, which are largely related to the lack
of synergy between the
separately introduced measures, which are mainly of a
recommendatory nature.
Keywords:
electrical
infrastructure, electrical power lines, securing, impacts
on birds, practices, regulations..
BIOGAS
AND BIOGAS TECHNOLOGIES, PART 1. INTRODUCTION AND STATE
OF THE ART
Abstract. This paper is the first part of a
series of articles on the anaerobic digestion of organic waste. It
presents: the biochemistry and microbiology of the main
processes based on the basic four-step scheme; main
physico-chemical factors affecting these processes
(temperature, ph, etc.); advantages and disadvantages of
biogas technologies; the current level of
development of biogas technologies and its potential. Some perspectives for further development of
biogas technologies are also mentioned.
Keywords: anaerobic biodegradation, biogas,
methane, biogas technologies
SOILS
OF NATURAL CONIFEROUS FORESTS IN BULGARIA
Abstract. Soil
fertility is a major factor for the existence, development
and normal functioning of forest ecosystems. The
natural coniferous forests are an important part of the Bulgarian
forest resources. They provide fundamental protection of soil
and water resources as well as multiple ecosystem
services, cultural and spiritual values. The
paper presents the characteristics of the main soil types
in natural coniferous forests on the territory of
Bulgaria. The forest vegetation and the forest soils are
in constant interaction. The
analysis of this interaction determines the directions for
restoration, protection and improvement of soil fertility,
as a condition for increasing the productivity of
plantations and rational use of forest resources.
Keywords:
forest
soil, soil properties,
coniferous forests.
ASSESSMENT OF SOIL FERTILITY IN ARONIA (ARONIA MELANOCARPA) GROWING IN FOREST AREAS
Slavcho Savev,
Simeon Bogdanov
Forestry University,
Sofia
FOREST
PLANTATION INFLUENCE ON SILVICULTURAL
PROPERTIES OF
SOILS AFFECTED BY FOREST FIRES
Simeon Bogdanov
Forestry University,
Sofia
Maria
Ivanova¹, Alexander Sadovski²
¹ ISSATPP "N. Poushkarov"
² IEAS/EUROPE
Abstract: The present
study
proposes a new approach to the agroecological zoning of
the country, which is
based on the yield of agricultural crops as an
integrating indicator of the
many factors - soils, climate, topography, agricultural
practices, etc. The research data is based on the average
yields of the main crops: wheat,
barley, maize and sunflower for the period 2000-2019 by
statistical regions. The method for the agroecological zoning
of Bulgaria based on the average
yields of the specified main crops uses the computer
systems Precisely MapInfo
and Golden Software SURFER. From the
obtained
results, it can be seen that the soil and climatic
conditions in the regions of
Northern Bulgaria (mostly the regions of the
North-Central and North-East
regions) and those of the South-East region of South
Bulgaria are the most
suitable for growing wheat. For maize,
these
are the regions of Northern Bulgaria - mainly the
regions of the North-Central
and North-Eastern regions, and of Southern Bulgaria -
the South-Central region. Northern Bulgaria and the South-Eastern
region of Southern Bulgaria are
suitable for growing barley. The regions
of
Northern Bulgaria and especially the regions of the
North-West and North-East
regions are suitable for sunflower.
Keywords: agroecological zoning,
yields, wheat, barley, maize, sunflower.
Nikolai Petrov¹, Nikolai Gutev¹,
Hristo Protohristov¹,
Stefan Genchev¹, Nikolay Lakov², Dimiter Tonev¹
¹ Institute
for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy
of Sciences
²
University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”
50
YEARS BULGARIA SPACE COUNTRY
Tania Ivanova
Space Research and
Technology Institute at the Bulgarian Academy of
Sciences
Abstract: The
“Intercosmos” program gave Bulgaria the
unique opportunity to participate in space research with
its own scientific
equipment. On 1 November 1969, a Group of Space Physics
with young
professionals, headed by the academicians L. Krastanov and
K. Serafimov, was
created to the Presidium of the
Bulgarian Academy of
Sciences. Its exceptional task was to design the first
Bulgarian space
equipment. On 1 December 1972, the first probe device
(P-1) for direct
measurement of ionosphere plasma parameters was launched
successfully onboard
the satellite “Intercosmos-8”, and Bulgaria became the 18-th
country
on the list of “space states”. By the end of 1981, a large
number of Bulgarian
probe equipment for direct study of the ionosphere and
upper atmosphere were
developed and launched onboard the satellites
“Intercosmos-12, 14 and 19”,
“Intercosmos-Bulgaria-1300” and the geophysical rockets
“Vertical-3, 4, 6, 7
and 10”.
Keywords:
Intercosmos Program, “Intercosmos-8”
satellite, space probe device, ionosphere plasma