H. Najdenski 3-4
I.
MICROORGANISMS AND ENVIRONMENT
Jean-Yves Trosset, Sami Tliba, Ali El Ati,
Hela Friha, Estelle Mogensen, Jawher Kahouli, Robin
Lacombe, Ouerdia Arkoun, Sette Diop, Rodrigo
Ledesma-Amaro, Islam Boussaada
5-13
II.
BIOAUTOMATICS
AND BIOINFORMATICS
Jérôme Harmand
14-22
Maobo Hu, Haoping Wang, Yang Tian, Nicolai Christov, Ivan Simeonov
I. Simeonov 75-82
VII. ECOLOGICAL FORUMS
Sixth International Conference with Youth Scientific Session ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING and ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION (EEEP'2019)
5-7
June 2019, Burgas, Bulgaria
83-84
INFLUENCE OF MICRO-ENVIRONMENT ON YEAST
POPULATION DYNAMICS
Jean-Yves Trosset, Sami Tliba, Ali El Ati, Hela
Friha, Estelle Mogensen, Jawher Kahouli, Robin Lacombe,
Ouerdia Arkoun, Sette Diop, Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro, Islam
Boussaada
Abstract: Abundance or
scarcity of external nutrients is a metabolic trigger,
especially for highly proliferative cells such as
bacteria, yeasts, parasites or tumors. In presence of
oxygen cells usually adopt efficient metabolism in order
to maximize energy production yield in poor diet. If
nutrient resource increases, a metabolic shift from
efficient metabolism (respiration) to inefficient
metabolism (fermentation) is reflecting a minimal cost
principle of living systems to optimize fitness. This is
known as the Crabtree/Warburg effect. Identifying a model
that describes the population dynamics of cells and the
input growth condition are the goals of this study. Proof
of principle has been constructed using a battery of
growth experiments on Crabtree-positive
yeasts–Saccharomyces under various conditions of glucose
in aerobic and micro-aerobic conditions. General cell
growth model estimating metabolic shift has been
constructed based on an Auto Regressive approach.
Keywords: Yeast; Population dynamics; Modeling;
Identification
CONTRIBUTION
OF MODELING FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF
MICROBIAL ECOSYSTEMS
Jérôme Harmand
Abstract. This
paper aims at presenting how a number
of recent
modeling approaches can be used
for better understanding microbial ecosystems dynamics. In
first part, an important question – the ability of certain
ecosystems to exhibit overyielding – is investigated using a
model-based approach. It is shown that classical competition
theory cannot explain such phenomenon, thus invalidating a
large class of classical mass-balance-based models, Rapaport
et al., 2019. In second part, we show how new
combinatorial approaches can be used to find the best
combination of species of a functional ecosystem with
limited complexity. More precisely
classification approaches inpired from the work by
Jaillard et al., 2018 are
used and illustrated with simulations. Their
robustness with respect to a number of experimental
parameters (investigated in simulation) is studied. For
ecosystems with higher richness, we show how another
probablilistic approach proposed by Jaillard et al.,
2014 may be useful.
Keywords: Modeling, microbial ecosystems, microbial
interactions, mathematical ecology, diversity, community
assemblage.
ON THE
EXTREMUM-SEEKING CONTROL DESIGN AND APPLICATION FOR
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PROCESSES
Maobo Hu, Haoping Wang, Yang Tian,
Nicolai Christov and Ivan Simeonov
Abstract: The paper deals with the optimization
of nonlinear systems by using Extremum Seeking Control (ESC)
without any prior knowledge of the system model. An Extend
Kalman Filter based Extremum Seeking Control (EKF based ESC)
is proposed, which can make the amplitude of perturbation
signal variable and ensure convergence to zero, i.e. without
steady-state oscillation. The proposed ESC algorithm makes
also possible to obtain more accurate gradient estimate and
more rapid ESC convergence. The proposed EKF based ESC
algorithm is applied to a fifth-order model of anaerobic
digestion process and its performances are compared with the
performances of the classical ESC algorithm.
ROBUST
CONTROL AND STATE ESTIMATION OF A THREE-STAGE ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION PROCESS
Samia Semcheddine, hanane bouchareb
abstract: The
production of biogas via an anaerobic fermentation process
is very interesting for various reasons: it not only
produces renewable energy, but also facilitates the
disposal of organic waste, therefore it preserves the
environment, it contributes to the
resolution of energy problems in agriculture and agro
industry, it’s available for everyone because the waste is
available everywhere. This process takes place in
continuously stirred tank bioreactor and is described by a
highly nonlinear model whose parameters are often
uncertain thereby requiring robust control in any process
performance enhancement procedure to optimize the biogas
production. Thus a robust control technique, synergetic,
is proposed to improve the settling time in a fermentation
based biogas production in a simulation study; the
simulation study is carried out on biotechnological
process described by a five-order continuous-time reaction
scheme described
by three stages. An extended Luenberger observer is
proposed under synergetic control to observe the different
concentrations because of the
high-cost and unavailable measurement instrumentation. The
interest of paper lies in controlling the amount of bio
methane produced and the observation of all the states of
the system (5 different populations of the complex
community of bacteria and substrate concentrations acting
during anaerobic digestion (AD) processes) by simply
measuring the biogas produced. The
monitoring, controller and observer performance are
evaluated via numerical simulations showing excellent
responses under the influence of control input.
Key words: Bio methane, anaerobic digestion, synergetic control, extended Luenberger observer, state estimation.
REVOLUTIONARY CONCEPT OF
GARBAGE HANDLING IN KOTA KUPANG, INDONESIA
Jefirstson Richset Riwukore, Fellyanus
Habaora
ABSTRACT. The potential for garbage
production will continue to increase along with the
population growth rate and behavior patterns of human life.
If not handled properly, it will have an impact on changes
in negative benefits due to pollution from garbage. Kota
Kupang is an area that has not been well managed about its
garbage management. Therefore, scientific reviews are needed
so that maximum changes occur in handling garbage in Kota
Kupang. For this reason, research has been carried out using
descriptive methods, then were analyzed qualitatively and
quantitatively using secondary data. This research was
conducted for two months (November-December 2018), and
preparation of reports is carried out by stages of research,
namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation,
and conclusion drawing. The results of
the research indicate that garbage management must be
carried out changes of fundamental by considering to changes
in household behavior in handling garbage, sustainability of
the perspective on garbage as a useful material that starts
from world of education, changes conventional methods of
handling garbage in Cleaning and Living Environment Office
of Kota Kupang, and a revolutionary perspective on garbage
is needed, from useless materials to be useful materials for
the economy.
Keywords: revolutionary concept, handling garbage, Kota Kupang
THE EDUCATIONAL PLATFORM OF CABARET PROJECT (WP7)
Boyko Ranguelov, Fathimath Shadiya, Fathimath
Nistharan, Mariyam Humra, Mariyam Eeman, Mohamed Haikal
Ibrahim
Abstract: The
CABARET (Capacity Building in Asia for Resilience EducaTion) Project
is funded by the European Union under the Erasmus+
program, to foster regional cooperation for more
effective multi-hazard early warnings and increased disaster
resilience among coastal communities. The goal of the
Project is to strengthen the evidence-base in support of the
implementation of the new framework. The participants
constructed of a consortium of 14 European and Asian higher
education institutions from nine countries - four from
Europe and five from Asia. The Project covers three years
period and intend many meetings among participants for data
and knowledge exchange. The MGU (Mining and Geology
University, Sofia, Bulgaria) and MNU (Maldives National
University, Male, Maldives) participations are active as
co-chairs of the WP7 – “Learning and teaching tools
methodologies and approaches to the MHEW (Multi Hazards
Early Warning Systems)” and sustainable development of the
resilience. The
progress and achievements of the WP7 co-chaired by MGU and
MNU are presented and the developments of MOOC’s (Major
Online Open Courses) are under discussion. The new concept
about the Educational Platform (EP) targeted to the wider
audience is proposed. In conclusion several topics
are underlined:
-
The international bilateral
cooperation between MGU and MNU is established in the frame
of the co-chairmanship of the WP7 – CABARET Project.
-
Project is displayed
including educational platform development and MOOC’s
skeleton and schedule.
-
First results of MOOC’s are
available. Educational platform includes curriculum of
Philippines for De La Sale University (DLSU) and Ateneo De
Manila University (ADMU).
-
New concept for the further
development of the structure of the Educational Platform
(EP) of the CABARET Projects is proposed. Intended
international cooperation among participants of the Project
is an essential topic for the coastal resilience educational
platform development.
Keywords: Educational Platform, new
concept, hazards, warnings.
Iva Ivanova, Iliyana Gigova, Temenuzhka Spassova, Nataliya Stankova
Abstract: Durankulak Lake is one of the
most important wetlands in Bulgaria and Europe. It is
included in the Ramsar Convention and it is recognized as an
important bird area of world importance. The subject of
protection within the protected zone is the condition of the
natural habitats and the habitats of the species, including
the natural species composition, the typical species and the
conditions of the environment. Remote sensing methods
provide opportunities for characterization and monitoring of
the wetland on various scales that have not been done so
far. In the present study satellite multispectral images
from the European Union Copernicus Satellite program,
Sentinel 2 are used, for assessing and monitoring of the
actual state of the lake. Based on these satellite
images, the boundaries of the protected wetland are derived.
An index classification of the wetland was made. Normalized
Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is used to classify sites
within the protected area. Sentinel-2 satellite data to
implement the orthogonal transformation model called
Tasseled Cap Transformation (TCT) has also been used. The model
is an effective method for classifying and analyzing of the
processes related to the dynamics of changes, affecting the
main components of the earth's surface: soil, water and
vegetation. The spring survey of 2019 was
selected for the present study. The results will show
successful mapping and monitoring of the wetland, which will
give a real idea of the state of the Durankulak Lake and the
need to take conservation measures to protect it.
POLLEN GIVING PLANTS VISITED BY THE HONEY BEE (APIS MELLIFERA
L.)
Zheko Radev
Absract: The analysis of the honey plants in the area of
apiculture is very important about the development,
reproduction and productivity of bee colonies. The knowledge of the floral
specialization of Apis
mellifera L. is main point for good beekeeping
practices. The bees have visited 46
species of honey plants from 41 genera and 22 families. The
honey bees prefer to collect pollen
from 2 to 5-6 plant species during every single month. Bees mainly collect pollen from
two or three plants every month. The agricultural
species Brassica
napus as well as the meadow flora- Ñentaurea
solstitialis and Centaurea cyanus are the most visited honey
plants during their flowering.
Bees prefer to collect
pollen from 16 plants out of 46 visited taxons. Not all plants
in the area serve
as a source of pollen
for the bees. The greatest amount
of collected pollen comes from Brassica napus-
3798.69 g. The visited cultivated honey taxons are around
22% but about 56.5% of the total amount collected pollen.
Around 78% of the visited plants are common natural as well
as about 43.5% of the total amount collected pollen.
Key words: honey bee, honey plants,
pollen, pollen traps, melissopalynologia, specialization
GERMINATION OF TANACETUM
CINERARIIFOLIUM SEEDS ON DIFFERENT SOIL TYPES
Vladimir Ilinkin
Abstract: Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Sch. Bip. is a species of great economic importance
because it contains Pyrethrins – natural insecticides with
the potential to be the ideal means for pest control. Soil
samples from different soil types (Skeletic Fluvisols, Rendzic Leptosol,
Luvic Chernozem, Chromic Luvisols, Dystric-Eutric
Cambisol, Pellic Vertisols) have been studied in order to determine the
physicochemical soil indicators and the regressions
between the soil characteristics and seed germination.
Four hundred seeds
(4õ100) were planted
in each soil type (in
pots) under
controlled conditions. Reliable statistically significant
regressions, both negative (bulk density, sand fraction, available
phosphorus) and positive (total porosity, silt and clay fractions, pH(H2O), CaCO3, TKN, SOM) with regard to seed germination
have been established. The seeds planted in Rendzic Leptosol have shown the highest germination
percentage, and the ones planted in Skeletic Fluvisols have shown the lowest germination
percentage.
Key words: Pyrethrum cinerariifolium Trev., Chrysanthemum
cinerariifolium Bocc, seed germination, soil.
LABORATORY
EXPERIMENTS AND MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF ORGANIC WASTES IN A CASCADE
OF TWO BIOREACTORS
Ivan
Simeonov
Abstract.
Anaerobic digestion processes have been investigated in
a cascade of two bioreactors, constructed and fulfilled
at the Institute of Microbiology of the Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences. The first one is a 2 L working
volume bioreactor and the 2nd one
– 12 L. A mixture of activated sludge from the Municipal
Waste Waters Treatment Plant and milk whey has been
digested in a continuous operation type, measuring the
biogas flow rates and COD of the effluents of each
bioreactor. With a double
increase in the dilution rate for the first BR (D1), the
daily biogas yield of BR1 (Q1)
increases about twice, and that of BR2 (Q2)
does not change (which is also normal given the small
value of D2). The decrease of CODtotal at
the output of BR2 compared
to that of BR1 is 1.5 times, and that of CODsoluble 3
times.
A
mathematical model has been developed on the basis of a
mass balance of the input – output flows for this
cascade of two anaerobic bioreactors. Simulation studies
have been performed using Simulink of Matlab.
Keywords: anaerobic digestion, cascade of two bioreactors, laboratory experiments, activated sludge, milk whey, biogas flow rate, COD, mathematical model, simulation