Establishment
of pollution from livestock breeding in the region
of Veliko Tarnovo
Lidar monitoring of the aerosol
atmospheric load above Sofia
Atanaska Deleva 11-20
Lead toxicity
in humans: a review
Galina
Satchanska
21-29
Comparison of salt stress
tolerance of antarctic mosses
Regularities of metal resistant
microorganisms` distribution in natural ecosystems
Soil acidity changes
in soils of class Luvisols
influenced by forest fires
Simeon Bogdanov 61-67
Project
2007ÑÂ161ÐÎ006-2011-2-19:
Strengthening the cross-border territorial com-peti¬tiveness
and economic development in Nish and Jablanica (Serbia) and
Sofia (Bulgaria) regions through efficient utilization of
regional resources in the area of renewable energies use
with stress on biomass employment
73-74
ESTABLISHMENT OF POLLUTION FROM LIVESTOCK BREEDING IN THE REGION OF VELIKO TARNOVO
Svetla Marinova, Dimitranka Stoicheva, Plamen Ivanov, Vera Petrova, Viktor Kolchakov, Hristina Pchelarova
Abstract: Environmental pollution is an integral part of the global ecosystem disturbances in the transfer of matter and energy and is inextricably connected with pollution of water and atmosphere. Unusual changes occurring in soils that alter its participation in the biological cycle are generally denoted as contamination. Particular contaminant effect has the livestock breeding in connection with increased demand for animal products and increasing population. The aim of present paper is to present the contamination effect of livestock breeding in the region of Veliko Tarnovo, as a part of international project, connected with the management of waste from stock-breeding and opportunities for biogas production. According to own research for quantitative and chemical characteristics of different types of waste and animal groups is established pollution effect as organic matter and organogenic elements in 14 livestock farms in the region of Veliko Tarnovo. The most rational of agrochemical and sanitary point of view is usage of waste in agricultural practices for maintaining and improving of soil fertility, for reclamation of disturbed and less productive lands, for composting, etc. Requirements of EU for searching of renewable energy sources direct the farmers to use organic fertilizers from stock-breeding, horticulture and household as a source for biogas production.
LIDAR MONITORING OF THE AEROSOL ATMOSPHERIC LOAD ABOVE SOFIA
Atanaska Deleva
Abstract. Lidar investigations of the troposphere, made over the city of Sofia, are described. Lidar measurements are performed with an aerosol lidar equipped with Nd:YAG laser. Lidar data are presented in terms of the vertical atmospheric backscatter coefficient profiles and color maps of the aerosol stratification time evolution. Conclusion about atmospheric aerosol’s origin was made upon analyses of the information of weather-forecast maps provided by the Forecast system, according to Dust REgional Atmospheric Model (DREAM) of Barcelona Supercomputing Centre. Additional information was provided by calculations of the backward air mass trajectories, using HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model. All information about aerosol layers origin, their altitude above ground, persistence during lidar observations, confirmed the conclusions of observation of a long-distance Sahara dust transport, a smoke from the forest fires in Vitosha mountain (03 July, 2012) and thick urban aerosol layers over Sofia.
LEAD TOXICITY IN HUMANS: A REVIEW
Galina Satchanska
Abstract: Lead is one of the best recognized toxic environmental pollutant with the longest use. Environmental lead pollution occurs due to the anthropogenic activities resulting in soil, surface, ground water and air contamination. Lead enters the body via the respiratory and gastrointestinal system. Once entering the food chain it affects the human health. This review summarizes contemporary research on the lead toxicity on human – transport into the cell and its deleterious effect on the blood, skeletal, urinary, reproductive, cardiovascular, nervous systems as well as on the prenatal development. Carcinogenesis due to lead action is discussed as well.
COMPARISON OF SALT STRESS TOLERANCE OF ANTARCTIC MOSSES
Matvieieva N.A., Kvasko O.Yu., Duplij V.P., Luchakivskaya Yu.S., Drobot K.S., Kuchuk M.V.
Abstract. The peculiarities of NaCl effect on the growth of Ðolytrichum juniperinum Hedw. and Warnstorfia fontinaliopsis Müll.Hal. Antarctic mosses cultivated in vitro were studied basing the number of parameters such as secondary protonema growth, coefficient of reproduction, comparative biomass increasing, photosynthetic pigment synthesis. We also analyzed the possible mechanisms of plant adaptation to salt stress effect such as fructan accumulation, superoxide dismutase activity and general antioxidant activity.
REGULARITIES OF METAL RESISTANT MICROORGANISMS` DISTRIBUTION IN NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS
Tashyrev Oleksandr., Prekrasna Ievgeniia, Tashyreva Ganna, Matvieieva Nadiia, Rokitko Pavlo, Romanovskaya Victoria
Abstract. The regularities of metal resistant microorganisms from ecosystems of Western Antarctica (coast of the Antarctic Peninsula), Negev Desert (Israel), Dead Sea region (Israel) and soils of Ukraine were investigated. I was shown, that typical strains and microbial communities are resistant to the high concentrations of representative toxic metals. For example, Antarctic microorganisms are resistant to 1000 ppm of Ño2+, 2000 ppm of Ni2+, 1500 ppm of Cu2+, 500 ppm of Hg2+ and 60000 ppm of CrO42-. Quantitative indexes of microbial resistance to metals were investigated: 1) maximum permissible concentrations of metals (MPC); 2) correlation of cells number with the metals concentrations; 3) index Ñr - the ratio of MPC to the metals local concentration in the ecosystem. Microorganisms interact with metals and withdraw them out of the solutions. The generalized model of microbial metal resistance was created. The model describes regularities of metal resistant microorganisms’ distribution in ecosystems. It was shown, that in each ecosystem there are microorganisms resistant to super high concentrations of metals. On the base of theoretical generalization of the obtained data the novel biotechnologies can be created, which will purify concentrated polymetalic industrial wastewater.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE ANAEROBIC CO-DIGESTION OF WASTED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES AT MESOPHILIC AND THERMOPHILIC CONDITIONS
Ivan Simeonov, V. Hubenov, D. Denchev, Snejanka Mihajlova
Abstract. Anaerobic co-digestion of wasted fruits and vegetables in continuously stirred tank laboratory and pilot bioreactors at mesophilic and thermophilic conditions was investigated. To start the process, wasted fruits and vegetables were added stepwise to the bioreactors treating swine manure in order to avoid the problems during the start-up period. The experiments with various hydraulic rretention ttimes and pulls wise organic load show that the process has been stable and the bacterial community well adapted to the various stress factors.
Simeon Bogdanov
Abstract. The paper presents results from investigation on soil acidity changes in soils of class Luvisols influenced by forest fires. Cinnamonic Forest soils (Chromic Luvisols, FAO) and Gray Forest soils (Gray Luvisols, FAO) have been investigated. The sample plots are set up in burned areas and unburned control once. They are correspondingly situated in the Lower forestry zone (0 – 700 m) of the Tracian forestry area and the Lower forestry zone (0 – 600 m) of the Misian forestry area. Soil samples have been taken nine times for ten years in order to investigate the dynamics and degree of the changes. It was established a relation between pH and soil type, the intensity of the fires and development of vegetation.
MONITORING SYSTEM OF PILOT SCALE BIOREACTOR FOR ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF ORGANIC WASTES
Elena Chorukova, Ivan Simeonov
Abstract. In the paper new monitoring system of pilot scale bioreactor for anaerobic digestion of organic wastes developed in the Institute of Microbiology is presented. The system was developed on the basis of LabVIEW software and includes measurement and registration of conventional hardware and new software sensors (for estimation of specific growth rates of two main bacteria populations). A lot of experimental studies have demonstrated good performances of this system and the possibility for its industrial application.