I.
Simeonov 3
I.
Human and biosphere
Acoustical problems of open
public car parks
A. Kovachev, N. Nikolov 4-14
Synchronized
hydrogeological methods for
underground waters detection
S. Velkoski
15-20
P. Stoyanova,
M. Dimitrova, R. Nedkov, D.
Panayotova,
V.
Apostolova, M.
Zaharinova, I. Ivanova
21-26
II. Ecologization
of agriculture
State
and using of natural fertilizer in Bulgaria
Ň. Ivanova
27-32
III. Technologies for depolution
Anaerobic
microbial biodegradation of cellulosic
material at two different
temperatures
V. Hubenov, V. Dencheva, P. Pavlov, H. Georgieva, D. Denchev
33-39
Anaerobic
digestion of organic
wastes and its possible use for piloted spacecraft flights
I. Simeonov,
V. Ilyin, D. Denchev, P. Angelov, L. Starkova
40-49
IV. Microrganisms
and environment
K. Tsekova, V.
Dencheva, K. Petrov
50-58
V.
Climate
changes and
ecological risk for status of forests in the lower forest vegetation
belt
N. Stoyanova, E.
Popov, A. Delkov, D. Stoyanov
59-67
Aplaing
of forest
skyline Koller K 300 in Vitosha
and Ograzhen
moutain felling areas
D. Dimitrov
68-72
Abstract: The
Key words: atmospheric pollution, satellite and ground data
Ň. Ivanova
Abstract: Two of the most important documents of the European
water politic – Directives for urban waste-water treatment and for
nitrates.
The success of these directives depends on the commitment of the
member-states
to definite their sensitive and vulnerable zones. In realization of the
directives are definite nitrate vulnerable zones, and principles of
Good
agricultural and environmental practices and Program for reduction and
eradication of nitrate pollution from agricultural sources in
vulnerable zones
are confirmed.
Keywords: natural fertilizer, European
water policy, Nitrate directive, Good agricultural and environmental
practices,
nitrate vulnerable zones
ANAEROBIC
MICROBIAL BIODEGRADATION OF CELLULOSIC MATERIAL
AT TWO DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
V. Hubenov, V. Dencheva, P.
Pavlov, Hr. Georgieva, D. Denchev
Abstract:
Experiments
for microbial anaerobic digestion of cellulose (filter paper) in
mesophilic (34oC)
and thermophilic (55 oC) conditions were provided. The
metabolic
products received in the first phase of the anaerobic degradation
process were
organic acids, oligosaccharides and presumably hydrogen, all of them
transformed
afterwards to methane. Independently of the temperature conditions,
specific
cellulolytic microbial groups, predominating in the thermophilic
conditions
only, were found in the cultural liquid. The process at the higher
temperature
was with better technological indexes as well as with higher biogas
yields and impossibility
of proteolytic microorganism development.
Key words: Mesophilic,
thermophilic anaerobic process, cellulose, biodegradation cellulolytic
bacteria.
I. Simeonov,
V. Ilyin, D. Denchev, P. Angelov, L.
Starkova
Abstract: In this paper a
possibility of applying anaerobic digestion for reduction and
stabilization of
the organic fraction of solid wastes generated during piloted
spacecraft
flights is discussed. In connection with the future piloted space
missions to
Mars, the problem of utilizing the wastes accumulated on board the
spacecraft
becomes especially acute. Astronauts use for hygiene needs chiefly
napkins and
towels on cellulose basis, forming the greater part of the wastes.
Another
potential part of the wastes represent the uneatable residues of plants
grown
on board that are degradable easier. For the purpose, microorganisms of
the
genus Clostridium, capable of functioning in aerobic as well as in
anaerobic
conditions can be used. The anaerobic digestion is preferable, since
the oxygen
necessary for the crew is not consumed. The anaerobic processes can be
realized
by bacteria developing at mesophilic (37°C) or thermophilic conditions (55°C).
INTEGRATED
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE
COMPOUNDS FROM
RAW STARCH AND HEAVY METALS REMOVING FROM WASTEWATER
Abstract: Strains of Rhizopus
fungi were investigated for
lactic acid production from raw starch. R.
arrhizus and R. oryzae showed
higher biochemical activity for starch conversion to lactic acid and
ethanol while
R. delemar produced more fungal
biomass as a by-product. Growth conditions: 35 g/L starch, pH 6 and
30°C were
favorable for both starch saccharification and valuable products
formation,
resulting in lactic acid yield of 0.71 g/g starch associated with 0.36
g/g
ethanol and 0.73 g/g fungal biomass with R. arrhizus as a producer. The
ability of waste mycelia to remove Cu, Co, Mn, Ni and Zn ions from
single as
well as mixed solutions was assessed. The results obtained showed that
the
waste fungal biomasses may be successfully used as biosorbents for
treatment of
metal-polluted industrial wastewaters.
Keywords: Rhizopus sp., raw starch, lactic acid,
ethanol, heavy metals, biosorbtion
N. Stoyanova, E. Popov, A.
Delkov, D. Stoyanov
Abstract:
Key words: ecology, climate,
forest ecosystems, precipitation, drought periods
APLAING
of
D.
Dimitrov
Absract: The
aim of the present investigation
was to compare the work
time and the productivity
of forest skyline Koller 300 in
different broadleaved and coniferous forests. There were investigated
three road-track situated in Vitosha and Ograjden mountain. The
time for carried out of one full road-bed was divided into ten
work phases. It was established that
independently by the type of the loading wood the
most time was
consumed for operation ,,Moving
of loaded carriage to landing site” - at
trace 1 – 53,5 %, ŕt trace 2 – 51,3% and at trace 3-21,0%. In a result of this
investigation it
was established that the productivity of this type of skyline in
deciduous
forests was 3,22
m3/ha and in coniferous forest it was 5,91
m3/ha. It can be pointed that the productivity of Koller
300
was better in the coniferous forest.
Key words: Koller K
300, forest skyline, productivity, load