Environmental
analytical chemistry. tasks, formulation of the problem and methodology
E. Kohen 5
Microbial
detoxification of heavy metals in natural environment
D. Denchev, K. Tsekova 15
I. Videnova and D. Nedialkov
19
Evaluation of aspects of aviation noise
pollution due to
T. Petkov 24
II.Technologies for depolution
L.
Nikolov 30
The concept of soil immobilization: A new tool for
bioprocess development for the degradation of environmental pollutants
D. Karamanev
37
The cellulase enzymes and
their potential for
removing of cellulose waste from the environment
D.
Kolev 42
III.Bioinformatics and bioautomatics
Some
ecological aspects of the living
biosensor systems
A. Nejkov 46
Modelling and managment in
ecology and environment protection. Part i. deterministic approach
I.
Simeonov 52
R. Tzvetanov and M.
Tzvetanov 62
Instrumentation, control and diagnosis of biological
wastewater treatment systems
J. P. Steyer, J. Harmand, J. C. Bouvier, T. Conte, J. P.
Delgenes 66
IV.Lesobiology and lesotechnics
Conservation in situ of
forest tree
genetic resources in Bulgaria
A. Aleksandrov
72
V.Juridical problems of the
environment preservation
M.
Vojcheva 76
VI.Presentation
of
international institutions and organisations
European
Ecological Federation
79
VII. Anniversary
81
a) Prof.Atanas
Mehandjiev (70 years)
b) Assoc. Prof.Nikolaj
Nikolov (70 years)
Environmental
analytical chemistry. tasks, formulation of the problem and
methodology
E. Kohen
Abstract. The first and more important step
with the aim
to avoid the pollution of the human environment is the control for the
content
of traces of toxic substances in the air, waters, soils and foods. This
work
deals with the basic principles and concepts of the Environmental
Analytical
Chemistry and its methodology. A special attention is due to the air
sampling
as a most important part of the investigations for air-pollution, so
that to
achieve an effective catches of the pollutants. The analytical
parameters of
modern analytical methods (ASV, DPP, AAS) for quantitative
determination of
toxic components in the air at micro- and nanogram
level are discussed comparatively.
Microbial detoxification of heavy metals
in natural
environment
D. Denchev,
K. Tsekova
Abstract.
The subject of this
paper is
microbial detoxification of heavy metals in natural environment. It was
shown
microorganisms physiological reaction in presence of metal ions high
concentrations. Own experimental data are presented about quantity of
polymers
and metabolites into the yeast and mould
cells - such
as RNA, DNA, lipids, stored carbohydrates, citric acid as well as
activity of tricarbon cycle enzymes.
Mechanisms of stability in
presence of heavy metals and use of immobilised
cells
like biosorbents are shown.
I. Videnova and D. Nedialkov
Abstracts. In this revue main sources of air
pollution,
respective basic, injurious to health substances, and their influence
on the
health of people are considered.
Evaluation of aspects of aviation noise
pollution due to
T. Petkov
Abstract. The
number of inhabitants, which fall under the
influence of the noise above the Leq =60
dB(A) level
due to the activities of Sofia Airport was evaluated and compared to
the
results obtained for 1996 year. The aviation noise forecast for 2007/8
and 2018
years (the project for the building of the new runway system of Sofia
Airport
was used) assumed ten fold decrease of the number of inhabitants put in
the
noise contours Leq
=60 dB(A). The comparison of the data for the area which fall under the
influence
of overground noise in Sofia town had
demonstrated
that this area was bigger than the contour area Leq
=60 dB(A) level of aviation noise due Sofia Airport activities.
Technologies
for fluid treatments. Part i. General
scheme and peculiarities of some of the
technological stages.
L.
Nikolov
Abstract. On the basis of the
physical properties
similarity of waste waters and tail gases and using the common ideas in
their
treatment, an attempt to generalize the main technological operations
is made.
A general scheme of a technological line consisted of 6 main stages is
proposed. The important role of preparation of the raw fluids as the
first
technological stage is underlined. Special attention is paid to the
potentialities of contamination sources to help the fluid treatment
processes.
The preparation of the active agents is discussed too. The subject of
the next
part of this study is outlined.
The cellulase
enzymes and their potential for
removing of cellulose waste from the environment
D.N.
Kolev
Abstract:
The
cellulose is the most widely distributed organic substance in the
environment,
which is being constantly regenerated in nature. Its hydrolysis is of
paramount
importance for the reduction of the increasing environmental pollution
generated by industrial, agricultural and domestic cellulose waste.
Enzyme
hydrolysis shows considerable advantages over the existing methods for
cellulose hydrolysis. It is catalyzed by at least three synergistically
acting
enzymes (cellulase , cellulose 1,4- b- cellobiosidase
and - b- -glucosidase)
, forming the cellulase
enzyme system (CES) or complex. This system has been used successfully
in
biotechnology for the bioconversion of cellulose substrates to
D-glucose, which
is a source for the production of ethanol, single cell proteins,
glucose-fructose syrup and other chemicals. The results obtained show
the great
potential of cellulase enzymes for
removing of
cellulose waste from the environment.
Some
ecological aspects of the living
biosensor systems
46
A. Nejkov
Abstract. Some problems of the living biosensor
systems are discussed. A general scheme
for transformation of received ecological information is given. The
special properties
of main body receptors are considered.
Some ecological problems, connected with sensor systems of
sight, ear
and sense of smell are pesented.
Modelling
and managment in
ecology and environment protection. Part i. deterministic approach
I.
Simeonov
Abstract. In the
paper some
problems and scientific results in the fields of mathematical modelling
and
management in ecology and environment protection are presented.
Deterministic
dynamical models described by sets of ordinary or partial differential
equations are involved. They cover four important areas: population
dynamics,
environmental biotechnology, freshwater ecosystems and long-range
transport of
air pollutants. Several problems connected with the computer treatment
of air
pollution models are discussed.
To the issue of the
automation of
operative control of the system "aeration tank – sedimentation tank"
in wastewater treatment
R. Tzvetanov, M. Tzvetanov
Abstract: The article gives
a brief description of the developed new strategy for automated
operative
control of the system "aeration tank – sedimentation tank, which is based on theoretical mathematical models, and
accounts for
the practical opportunities for automated control and regulation of the
factors
and parameters set in such models. The strategy includes 6 single-loop
systems
for automated regulation, 3 of which govern the linear distributed
parameter
"Dissolved Oxygen" in the aeration tank, and one each for the
regulation of the parameters "Specific oxygen demand in the aeration
tank", "Activated sludge age within the system of aeration and
sedimentation tank" and of the factor "Maximum allowable flow rate of
mixed wastewater and rain waters in the aeration tank corridors".
Instrumentation, control and diagnosis
of biological
wastewater treatment systems
J. P. Steyer, J. Harmand, J. C. Bouvier, T. Conte, J. P.
Delgenes
Conservation in situ of
forest tree
genetic resources in Bulgaria
A. Aleksandrov
Abstract. The conservation of the genetic
resources of
tree species "in situ" is performed mainly through seed stands,
reserves, national and nature parks, but greatest genetic-and-breeding
importance
have seed stands. The European programme
for forest
genetic resources, of which Bulgaria is a member, aims at effective
preserving
and sustainable using of these resources within five networks: 1.
Coniferous
species, 2. Social broadleaves, 3. Noble
hardwoods,
4. Mediterranean oaks, 5. Black poplars.
M.
Vojcheva
Abstract:
Development of new legislation
in the field of Environment protection of Republic of Bulgaria in
connection
with the change of the state system is discussed. The changes in the
legislation are followed and analysed
since 1991 when
the Low of Protecion of Environment (LPE)
has been
approved by the Bulgarian Parliament. The main subjects and objects of
this Low
are outlined. Special attention is paid to the legislative acts issued
after
the LPE approval.Key words: Legislation, Environment, Impact
assessment,
Subjects of legislation